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时间轴调整：韩非XF
1941年12月7日 December 7th 1941
二战已经进行到了第27个月 the turmoil of WWII enters its 27th month
日军攻陷了上海 Japanese troops storm Shanghai
德军兵临莫斯科城下 German army stand at the gates of Moscow
并一路上造成了650万伤亡 leaving 6.5 million casualties in their wake
纳粹德国已称霸欧州大陆 Nazi Germany has mainland Europe in its grip
英伦三岛也岌岌可危 Under siege, Britain hangs on by a thread
3000英里外的美国却还能安享太平 3,000 miles away,the United States remains in peace
76%的美国公民仍支持中立政策 76% of her citizens support neutrality
当天早上7点55分，和平被悄然打破了 At 7:55 a.m., the peace is shattered
360架日军战机飞抵珍珠港上空 360 Japanese war planes descend on Pearl Harbor
第二次世界大战最终还是降临到美国头上 WWII has come to America
这对于美国人来说是前所未见的战争 This is America's war as never seen before
通过高悬太空的独特视角 from the unique vantage point of space
深入挖掘一系列关键战役细节 Witness the key battles unfold
分析其背后的军事战略 and the military strategies behind them in stunning detail
揭示彼方的政治联盟 revealed other political Alliances
那场实为争夺资源的全球大战 the global battle for resources
以及觉醒之后令人震惊的美国军事与工业力量 and the astounding awakening of American military and manufacturing might
这足以一锤定音这场史无前例宏大冲突的最终走向 that will determine the outcome of the greatest conflict ever fought
《从太空看二战》
1941年12月7日，上午7点55分，珍珠港
珍珠港事件一石激起千层浪 The unprovoked Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor will send shock waves across the globe
其实美国早在数月前就对日本心生戒备 But the America has feared the strike for months
自1931年以来，日本在其野心扩张的不归路上已经越走越远 Since 1931,Japan's Imperial ambitions have grown bolder and bolder
首先是入侵满洲 First Manchuria is invaded
然后是中国本土 then China itself
当1940年法国被纳粹德国攻陷，日本趁机抢夺了法属印度支那 When France falls to Nazi Germany in 1940, Japan seizes control of French Indochina
美国迅速反应 The U.S. response is rapid
冻结了日本在美资产，并切断了对日石油输出 Japan's financial assets are frozen, and an oil embargo is imposed
所传达的信息显而易见： The message is clear:
要么从印度支那撤军，要么坐等经济崩溃 withdraw from Indochina or be economically crushed
在禁运之后，日本只有两个选择： After the embargo, Japan was faced with two choices:
中止领土侵犯行为，并交还给同盟国，或者开战 stop territorial expansion, give in to the demands of the Allies, or go to war
日本，选择了宣战 Japan chooses war
用东条首相的话来说就是，要么光宗耀祖，要么永世沉沦 in the words of Prime Minister TOJO, it is either glory or declined
先发制人的打击势在必行 it is imperative that they made the first decisive strike
日本人很清楚，决不能和美国人硬碰硬 The Japanese knew they were never going to go toe to toe with the United States
在太平洋上陷入持久战 in a long naval war in the Pacific
他们自知在经济和军事两方面都不占优势 They knew they didn't have the economic might and military might
在这种情况下可以凭借一次出其不意的打击 For those calculations that they could administer a knock out blow
搞定美国太平洋舰队的主力战舰 to the capital ships of the US Pacific Fleet
将太平洋舰队摧毁的话 You could destroy the Pacific Fleet
就可以使美国在数月内都无法染指太平洋 The ability of Americans to respond to anything formany months would be taken away
所以说，偷袭珍珠港不仅仅是对美国的象征性的攻击 So the strikes of Pearl Harbor was not just a strike at a symbol of American power
也是对美国太平洋军力的实际打击 It blast American power in the Pacific
当时美国情报人员所看不到的如今以太空视角呈现出来 What American intelligence cannot see is revealed from space
山本五十六的舰队驶离日本，发起了史上最远的长途奔袭 Admiral Yamamoto's fleet departs Japan on the longest assault in history
一路避让航道和岛屿 Avoiding shipping lanes and land mass
最终到达了距目标275英里的海域 they arrive on-scene 275 miles from their target
这是个拿捏到位的距离 it's the perfect vantage point
在珍珠港雷达的探测距离外 beyond the range of America's defensive radar
但却在航母414架舰载机的最佳攻击航程内 but at the optimum strike distance for its force of 414 cutting-edge aircraft
其中的冠上明珠为三菱零式战斗机 the jewels in the crown, the Mitsubishi Zero
零战比以往的任何战机都飞得快（本片观点，仅供参考） It's faster than anything they had used before
拥有难以置信的机动性和极佳的航程 It's incredibly maneuverable and has extreme range
尽管技术上相当出色 but while the technology was pretty good
但对珍珠港威胁更大的是坐在里面的人 what mattered at Pearl Harbor was the men behind it
是飞行员 It was the pilots
日军舰载机飞行员已经久经沙场 The Japanese pilots had already been at war for years
他们训练有素 So they're well-trained crews
更重要的是 You add on top of that
他们为了这次进攻蓄谋已久 they had been planning on that attack for a long period of time
通过演习 So they had been running wargames
一遍又一遍的反复模拟行动 stimulating and going through the action again and again
所以基本上，他们中的很多人就算闭着眼睛也能完成任务 So basically, many of them talked about how they could have done it if going in blind
早上7点55分 At 7:55 a.m
日军的第一波轰炸机从天而降 the first wave of bombers swoop from the sky
站在亚利桑那号甲板上的是Don Stratton On the deck of the USS Arizona is Don Stratton
我们看到日军飞机盘旋在上空 We knew right away that they were Japanese planes, and
从他们投下第一颗炸弹起，我就知道大事不妙 we knew that they were bombing for that and something was really wrong
飞机在我们头顶上不停地呼啸、投弹 Planes were strafing and dive bombing and
那简直是…简直是个痛苦的梦魇 it's a ... horrible experience and a horrible sight
当时高空有架轰炸机投下了貌似2000磅的炸弹 There was a high altitude bombers dropped like a 2,000 pound bomb
然后一切都灰飞烟灭了 and made it just devastating to everything in its path
剧烈的震荡和 ... The concussion and ...
浓烟与烈火任意肆掠，太可怕了 smoke and fire was horrendous
那种感觉就像是失去了家 It just was like you lost your home
在战列舰停泊的港内 Of the battleships at anchor
亚利桑那、俄克拉荷马、西弗吉尼亚和加利福利亚号被击沉 the Arizona, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and California are sunk
其余的也严重受损 the rest severely damaged
在短短68分钟内，日军就瘫痪了美国太平洋舰队 In 68 minutes, Japan has crippled the heart of American Pacific Fleet
从日本方面来看，对珍珠港的进攻 From the Japanese perspective, the attack on Pearl Harbor
取得的战果超过了最乐观的预期 succeeded beyond the most optimistic expectations
尤其是考虑到自损 When you consider the losses
日本的损失几乎可以忽略不计 that the Japanese suffered in this attack, it is essentially nothing
日军以64人的轻微代价换取了美军3649人的伤亡 The Japanese lose 64 men to 3,649 U.S. casualties
人员损失比为57:1 a human damage ratio of 57:1
但日方大胜的背后有两个致命瑕疵 But Japan's margin of victory hides 2 major flaws in the attack
日军没有轰炸珍珠港内的油库 the Japanese failed to systematically attacked the oil fields
那些油库里有整支太平洋舰队的储油量 the oil storage tanks at Pearl Harbor
如果再发动一轮攻击将其炸毁的话 If they'd spent one more sortie taking out those oil tanks
他们将会废掉整个太平洋舰队得以开动的燃料供给 they'd have crippled the whole Pacific Fleet which would have the fuel supplies to keep going
还有很多重要舰船日本未得打击 More significant other ships the Japanese failed to target
美军航母在日军进攻的时候均不在港内 The American aircraft carriers were absent from Pearl Harbor at the time of the Japanese attack
时局变化得很快，显而易见航空母舰 And as things evolved very quickly, it became clear that aircraft carriers
已注定成为交战双方海军力量的中坚 destined to become the most significant naval assets for either side
在太平洋战争中，美军航母所向披靡 In the Pacific War and the American carriers were untouched
油料补给和制空权 Oil supplies and air domination
两个影响二战的决定性因素 2 factors that will dictate the fate of WWII
日军均未打击得手 and Japan fails to damage either
取而代之，他唤醒了美国这只沉睡的巨人 Instead, it has waken the full wrath of the sleeping of American Giant
珍珠港事件激怒了美国人民 Pearl Harbor infuriated the American people
也激怒了美国军方 and also infuriated American military
大量死伤，舰队的惨重损失 Massive casualties, destruction of most the Pacific Fleet
如果你想做一件能团结国民的事 If you want to do one thing to unite a country
团结那些此前对是否参战仍各持己见的人 that before this it has been rather divided by what to do about the war
珍珠港事件再好不过了 Pearl Harbor was that
珍珠港事件像一根尖刺一样直插美国人民的心中 This was like a lightning rod throughout the American population
罗斯福总统对于自己的抉择不再畏缩不前 No longer was President Roosevelt limited in his options
他让全国上下同仇敌忾 He had the United States population that was angry and unified
向日本发动复仇反击 and desired revenge against Japan
她的孤立时代已经结束 Her era of isolationism is over
美国参战了 America is at war
并开启了成为这个星球上最强大国家的崛起之路 And begins its rise to become the most powerful nation on the planet
华盛顿算出确保胜利的开销是3000亿美元 Washington calculates victory will cost 300 billion dollars
相当于今天的4.4万亿美元 4.4 trillion in today's money
甚至超过了联邦总预算的1.5倍 over one and a half times the total U.S. federal budget
政府可以通过增加税收筹集到一半 The government can raise half through increased taxes
而剩下的，则必须求助于社会公众 For the rest, it must turn to the public
筹集3000亿美元对于当时的美国来说是个艰巨的挑战 To raise 300 billion dollars was then viewed as insurmountable challenge
因为基本上 because basically
我们得让美国一半的人口认购债券来筹资 we had to get half the population of the United States to buy bonds
我们对外宣称我们要加入二战 And what we were saying is we were in WWII
为了胜利 We were in this to win
为了正义打倒邪恶 It's a fight of good vs evil
而你们每一个人的贡献都至关重要 And you, on an individual level, are going to make it different
为了保证筹集资金的顺利，纽约的众多广告人 To guarantee success, the ad men of New York
发动了美国最有力的宣传攻势 recruit America's most potent propaganda asset
我们有好莱坞机器 We had a Hollywood machine
美国有巨大的电影市场 America has mass market in movies
他们知道好莱坞以及那些影星的影响力 They knew the power of Hollywood, they knew the power celebrities
超过300个电影明星参与了“美国之星”运动 Over 300 movie icons joined the stars over America campaign
天佑祖国 Criss-crossing the nation
在芝加哥，经由两位巨星推销，卖出了150万债券 Chicago, 2 huge celebrity rallies sell over 15 million dollars in bonds
在纽约，一场“三路”棒球赛，筹到了5600万美元 New York, a three-way baseball game generates 56 million dollars
到战争结束时，战争债券募集活动总共筹集到了1875亿美元 By the end of war, bonds campaigns raise 187.5 billion dollars
当所有人众志成城、团结一心时 To get everybody online behind one goal
凝聚起来的力量是巨大的 and make the transaction is huge
此时美国和火烧眉毛的盟友急需每一分钱 America and its beleaguered Allies are going to need every cent
珍珠港事件发生四天后 Four days after Pearl Harbor
纳粹德国向美国宣战 Nazi Germany declares war on the United States
现在，德国不得不在两条战线上面对两个世界巨头了 She now faces 2 vast and battle-hardened powers on 2 fronts
当美国参战后 When America went to the war
从军事上看，同盟国取得了军事上的上风 It looked as if the military aggressors were going to win
从太空中看 Seen from space
美国的处境是显而易见的 America's peril is clear
她的舰队和太平洋上的资源正被日本步步紧逼 Her fleet is in disarray and her Pacific assets at the mercy of rampant Japan
在地球的另一边 On the other side of the planet
她最强大的军事盟友英国 her strongest military ally Great Britain
已被纳粹德国逼得无路可退 is buckling under siege from Nazi Germany
美国历来是世界冲突的中心之地 America is at the epicenter of the greatest conflict in history
作为美国总统，罗斯福必须做出一个重大的抉择： Roosevelt must make the biggest call of any U.S. presidency:
先和哪边的敌人交手？ Which enemy to engage first?
富兰克林·罗斯福认为 Frank Delano Roosevelt decided that
德国会打垮我们在世上最亲密的盟友 Germany was the one that could take down our closest friends around the world
必须要保证英国的存活 and they had to make sure that Britain survived
英国的存在是获得最终胜利的重要前提 Keeping Britain afloat was essential to the long term prospects of victory
它就如一艘不沉的航空母舰 It stood as a large aircraft carrier
可以作为反攻欧洲大陆的跳板 that would enable an invasion onto the continent
万一英国被纳粹攻陷 If Britain fell under Nazi domination
挑战将变得几乎不可逾越 the challenge would be almost insurmountable
对罗斯福而言，英国的前景 For Roosevelt, the future of great Britain
即是战争的走向 is the future of the war
但经过17个月的孤军奋战之后 But after 17 months of fighting alone
它的所剩元气已悬于刀尖 its survival rests on a knife edge
1939年9月1日
由于与大陆隔绝，英国的唯一希望就是保持海上交通线的畅通 Isolated, Britain's only hope is to keep her supply routes open
一条德国海军上将邓尼茨处心积虑想要切断的脆弱生命线 a fragile lifeline German Admiral Doenitz seeks to destroy
英国依赖每月500万吨的物资进口 Britain depended on the import of 5 million tons of stuff every month
德国海军上将邓尼茨自信的宣称： German Admiral Doenitz argued very persuasively:
“我们每月可以击沉其中的100万吨物资，令英国佬臣服” "We can subtract a million tons a month, we will bring Britain to its knee"
邓尼茨的决胜兵器为 U艇 Doenitz's lethal weapon is the U-boat
能匿踪巡游数千英里 Capable of traveling thousands of miles submerged
并如致命鸡尾酒般的混装有甲板炮、水雷和鱼雷 and armed with a deadly cocktail, the deck guns, mines and torpedoes
这是一把割断英国喉咙的完美利刃 it is the perfect weapon to starve Britain into submission
他们一旦发起攻击，就能将9000吨的 When they attack, they're sending over 9,000 tons
物资送入海底 of supplies to the bottom of the ocean
只用一发鱼雷 With one munition, one torpedo
当其引爆时，可在船底产生巨大的冲击波 when it detonates, it creates this void underneath the vessel
将船只撕裂 that cracks the vessel to collapse
这不同于背后偷鸡的小打小闹 it's the difference between being stabbed and someone breaking your back
这是个不折不扣的杀手锏！ It's a killer!
丘吉尔使用海军舰队为商船护航 Churchill introduces naval convoys to protect the merchant fleets
邓尼茨还以颜色 Doenitz's response is devastating
邓尼茨上将对此制定出了一种特殊策略 Admiral Doenitz introduced this thing called the Rudeltaktik
即狼群战术，一艘潜艇就好比是一匹狼 wolfpack attack tactics, a Rudel is a pack of animals
相比于之前的单打独斗 and instead of the approaching singly as submarines done in the past
德国人这次将潜艇们分散广布于敌航线上 the Germans would have their U-boats stringing out in these long patrol lines
当发现船队后再用无线电召集狼群 and then they would use radio signals to congregate the pack
集中攻击、压倒船队的防御 and overwhelm the defense of the convoy
后果很严重 The results are devastating
如果被狼群捕获的话 When you get caught by a pack of these
船队的损失可能会过半 you might lose half or more of the convoy
12个月内，900艘货船被击沉 In 12 months, 900 ships are sunk
U艇只损失了29艘 Only 29 U-boats are destroyed
这场消耗战中英国损失得太快 It's a war of attrition, Britain is losing fast
丘吉尔很清楚一件事 Winston Churchill knows it's one big thing
在1940年，英国想要继续抵抗的话 In 1940 that for Britain to be able to fight this war
就不能没有美国的援助，单打独斗是不行的 you need American help and you can't do it alone
丘吉尔急电罗斯福，向美国请求援助 Churchill tirelessly lobbies Roosevelt for American support
即便美国名义上是中立的，但罗斯福还是同意援助 Though officially neutral, Roosevelt cuts a deal
美国向英国交付了50艘驱逐舰以支持其继续抵抗 The U.S. gives 50 destroyers to Britain to keep it in the fight
但这是有代价的 but at a price
作为回报 In return
英国要将8个海外基地转交给美国 Britain hands over 8 of its overseas bases to America
并且撤销其殖民地特惠贸易系统 and dismantles its preferential trading system with its colonies
在此事上英国很纠结 It's a very mixed deal for Britain
一方面这帮助英国得以继续战争 because on the one hand it helps Britain fight the war
没有美国的物资援助是无法做到的 They couldn't have done it without American support materially
另一方面，殖民地的流失加速了大英帝国的土崩瓦解 On the other hand, it accelerated the collapse of the British empire
使帝国越来越入不敷出 It makes the Empire more and more unaffordable
对于温斯顿·丘吉尔 which to Winston Churchill
这是一个必须做出的艰难抉择 that's a very painful deal that one the public has to be mind
1941年12月 December 1941
美国参战 America enters the war
第一步棋便是携手英国对付大西洋海狼 Its first act of aggression is to join Britain in the battle of the Atlantic
这是一步直面灾难的战略 a strategy that meets with disaster
美国刚加入二战时 When America enters the war
大西洋上的战斗其实是急转直下的 the battle of the Atlantic actually takes a turn
盟军损失更加惨重 worse for the Allies
盟军被击沉的军舰 The amount of Allied shipping that sunk
可以说是天文数字 goes up by these astronomical amounts
到1942年中期 By mid-1942
有2703艘盟军船只被击沉 2,703 Allied ships are sunk
德国U型潜艇的战损比为36:1 a U-boat kill ratio of 36 to 1
这样的损失实在难以承受 It's an unsustainable rate of loss
尽管有美军并肩作战 Even with America fighting alongside
英国及欧洲的自由 the liberty of Britain and the freedom of Europe
仍然倍受威胁 hang by a thread
1942年中期 Mid 1942
英国仍然被德军U艇的威胁所束缚 Britain remains in a stranglehold of the German U-boat menace
美国前来支援的船只也正以惊人的速度遭到摧毁 American ships coming to its aid are being destroyed at alarming rates
为了扭转形势 To reverse their fortunes
盟军必须在情报战中占据上风 the Allies must gain the upper hand in the intelligence war
大西洋战场上的关键 The most critical factor in the Battle of Atlantic
是美国和英国信息上的交流 was the exchange of information between the Americans and the British
它能够最大化的利用我们双方的科技实力 It maximized by the technology of electrical capability on both sides
开创这一先例的是蒂泽德计划 The precedent for this vital collaborations is the Tizard Mission
在珍珠港事件15个月前 15 months before the Pearl Harbor attack
1940年9月1日
在纳粹入侵已成定局的情况下 With Nazi invasion seemingly inevitable
亨利·蒂泽德, 英国航空研究委员会委员长 Henry Tizard, head of the British aeronautical committee
说服丘吉尔将英国的所有科技发明都赠与美国 persuades Churchill to gift America every scientific innovation Britain holds
以此来换取美国的生产线 in exchange for access to U.S. production lines
这些发明蓝图被打包放进一个箱子里 The blueprints are packed into a single trunk
于1940年9月从英国伦敦运往华盛顿特区 Embarking from Britain, it reaches Washington D.C. in September 1940
一个美国官员是这样形容那个箱子的： That box was described by one American official:
“从没有过这么重要的东西来到过美国” "as much an important cargo that ever reached ashores"
这个箱子里包含了原子弹可行性论证的备忘录 The trunk contains the memorandum on the feasibility of the atomic bomb
及诸多设计资料，包括喷气发动机 designs for jet engines
火箭 rockets
增压器 superchargers
陀螺仪瞄准器 gyroscope gun sights
潜艇侦测设备 submarine detection devices
自封油箱 self sealing fuel tanks
塑胶炸弹 plastic explosives
以及称得上是在二战中最重要的发明 and perhaps the most important invention of the WWII
12号工作磁控管 a working magnetron #12
一种比美国对手有效上千倍的先进雷达技术 an advancing radar technology a thousand times more effective than the best American counterpart
这是项革命性的改变，你可以把它装进飞机 This was revolutionary, you can put it into an aircraft
也可以把它装到船上 you can put it on a ship
你可以将这种技术装备带到 then you can take that technology
带到任何一片战场上使用 and take it anywhere on the battle space
美国的装配线开始量产这种能改变战局的设备 American assembly lines begin mass-producing the device that will change the course of the war
它的第一个挑战就是： Its first challenge:
去封锁大西洋中部的死亡地带 to close the deadly mid-Atlantic gap
从太空中看 From space
盟军的防御盲区被惊人的呈现出来 the bone yard of Allied shipping is startlingly revealed
你可以从美国起飞执行任务，也可以从英国起飞执行任务 You can fly missions from the United States, you can fly missions from Britain
但是你不能完全掌控大西洋 But you can't quite close everything
因为中间有一条鸿沟 You've got the middle land a gap in the middle
U挺意识到了这一点，并在此区域集中 The U-boats realized that and concentrated in that area
到1943年4月 By April 1943
盟军已经损失了3450艘船只 3,450 Allied ships have been lost
不过新型（护航）航母已经推出 But new carriers are launched
搭载长航程战机 loaded with long-range aircraft
并配合12号磁控管的使用 fitted with the magnetron #12
这片地带才开始渐渐缩小 And the gap begins to close
它将U艇所藏匿的广阔大西洋变成 It turns the Atlantic from this wide mass in which the U-Boat can hide in to know
“藏到哪儿我都能把你找出来” "I can find you out there"
随着英国密码专家破译出德国英格玛密码 As British codebreakers cracked the German enigma code
盟军的胜利曙光也渐渐到来 the final piece of the Ally resurgence falls into place
再加上战术和技术上的优势 And the tactical and technological advantage
ONS-5护航战役打响了 is exploited in the convoy battle known as ONS-5
在所有的战争中最重要的一场是发生在1943年4月的ONS-5战役 Among all the convoy battles, one of the most important ones was ONS-5 in April '43
这场战役真的很重要，因为它标志着 It's important really because it demonstrated the area
盟军已经打了多远 how far the Allies'd gone
42艘缓慢行驶的ONS-5船队离开英国利物浦驶往加拿大 42 ships of the slow bond ONS-5 convoy leave Liverpool for Canada
对邓尼茨来说，这是个绝好的目标 For Doenitz, it is a perfect target
邓尼茨觉得这场战斗有紧迫感 Doenitz's feeling this freight has a urgency
他需要击沉更多的运输船 like he needs to sink more, more tons of shipping
而且他把运气都赌在这场战役中 and he actually presses his luck in this battle
第一波U艇攻击击沉了13艘盟军船只 The first wave of U-Boats sinks 13 Ally ships
但是随着大雾的降临，盟军的优势来了 But as thick fog falls, the advantage switches
凭借德国密码和先进的雷达 Armed with the German codes and advanced radar
盟军奋起反击 the Allies strike back with impunity
邓尼茨太激进了，他不应该把这么多U艇派出来 Doenitz quite and he shouldn't bring in more U-boats than he should
这些潜艇全部被盟军舰队击沉 which are then in fact shot out by the convoy
这场战役后，邓尼茨说大西洋之战已经结束了 After the battle, Doenitz says Battle of the Atlantic is over
因为他看到了英国人和美国人 because he sees how expert the British and Americans
在侦测、追踪并击毁U艇方面是多么老练了 have become in detecting U-boats, chasing them down, and killing them
ONS-5战役使得盟军在大西洋战场大获全胜 With ONS-5, the Battle of the Atlanta is all but won
美国惊人的工业转型开始决定战争的命运 And the astonishing transformation of American industry can start to dictate the fortunes of war
在金钱和实力均碾压轴心国的情况下 With the money and the might to out- produce the Axis
美国踏上了史无前例的工业和社会革命 America embarks on an unprecedented industrial and social revolution
我们有一个军工局负责在美国规划 You had a War Industrial Board and they looked around the United States
哪里要用来建造坦克，哪里要造飞机 and said this particular place is going to be where we're gonna build tanks, we're gonna build planes here
然后指定人员到各处生产 And so the population went there
就好像有人在二战中买下了整个北美的东海岸 It's as if in WWII somebody had picked up the North American continent at the eastern seaboard
并且把东西用滑轮拉起来 and raised it and tipped it, and everything
人、钱、机器和其他一切东西 people, money, machines, everything
全部送向了西海岸 just slid westward across the continent
加利福利亚人口膨胀了53% The population of California swells by 53%
俄勒冈州上升40% Oregon by 40%
华盛顿州上升37% and Washington by 37
1900万女性成为美国劳动力的核心 19 million women become the core of the American labor force
在全国的战争工厂、交通运输和农业投入工作 working in war factories, transportation and agriculture across the nation
各种规模的制造商成为战时生产的重要组成部分 Manufacturers of all sizes become a critical part of the war effort
打字机制造厂、罐头产品制造厂 Typewriter manufacturers, can goods manufacturers
它们全部被动员和转型，只要你愿意加入战时生产 they are all converted, they're all mobilized, if you will, to support the war effort
汽车厂转型制造轰炸机 Car factories turned into making bombers and
冰箱厂转型制造装甲车 refrigerator factories turned into making armored cars
它们被称为工业史上的奇迹绝非浪得虚名 Not for nothing it's called the production miracle
美国工业生产了87000艘战舰和登陆艇 American industry produces 87,000 ships and landing craft
10万辆坦克和装甲车 100,000 tanks and armored vehicles
30万架飞机 300,000 aircraft
200万辆卡车 2 million trucks
2000万把步枪和轻武器 20 million rifles and small arms
以及410亿发弹药 and 41 billion rounds of ammunition
足够杀死全世界人口17次 enough to kill the population of the world 17 times over
然而美国决定先压制德国是有一定代价的 Yet America's decision to engage Germany first comes at a price
日本的远途奔袭攻击震惊了所有人 The Japanese centrifugal offensive was a shock to everybody
他们看起来势不可挡 They seemed unstoppable
日本在太平洋上高歌猛进 Japan advances through the Pacific unchecked
侵占了美国、英国和荷兰的地盘 capturing American, British and Dutch territories
取得了一系列决定性的胜利 in a string of decisive victories
在短短的6个月里 Within 6 months
他们几乎控制了整个太平洋战场 they have near complete control of the Pacific Theater
他们侵占地盘主要有两个原因 They captured territory for 2 main reasons
第一个是为了资源 First one was for resources
荷兰的工业区生产石油和橡胶 Dutch's industries provided oil and rubber
这是他们用来保证战争机器运转的必需品 which they're gonna need to keep the war machine going
他们也知道美国最终会作出回应 They also knew America will eventually respond
这样一来这些领土就成了 As so, a lot of territories were going to be barriers
阻碍美国人反扑的屏障 to set up against the Americans when they came back across
1942年4月，美国反击了 April 1942, America strikes back
16架B-25从美国大黄蜂号上起飞 Launching from the USS Hornet, 16 B-25s
准备开始战争的下一个阶段 kick start the next phase of war
轰炸东京 by bombing Tokyo
对美国人来说，这次突袭是反击的好机会 For the Americans, the raid is a chance of strike back
即便是没有造成什么实质性的打击 Even though it didn't really do very much material damage
但仍旧会对日本领导阶层产生巨大的影响 but it made major impact on Japanese leadership
军方非常的尴尬 The military was embarrassed
他们让自己的天皇受到了这样的威胁 that they allowed their ... the emperor to be threatened like that
日本的反应是将视线投向美国在太平洋上最西边的基地 The Japanese respond, setting their sights on America's most westerly Pacific base
从太空中来看 From space
他们的战略非常明确 their strategy is clear
掌控中途岛可以使他们的防线 Seizing the island of Midway when extend their defensive perimeters
深入美军水域 deep into American waters
他们的计划是 And their plan is
给美国人一个惊喜，“我们要占领中途岛” Work on a surprise to the Americans, "We are going to seize the Midway"
“然后他们就要被迫按照我们的节奏来战斗” "and then they're going to be forced to come out and fight us on our terms"
日本人面临的问题在于 The problem for the Japanese is
美国人已经知道他们即将到来 the Americans already know they're coming
美国密码破译专家的故事虽然并不广为人知 The story of the American code breakers is one of these lesser-known
但却是美国赢得太平洋战争最重要的一部分 but that's one of the most important parts of the story 'why America wins in the Pacific
从1939年6月开始，美国海军作战情报部 From June 1939, the U.S. navy combat intelligence unit
在约瑟夫·拉什莫尔的指挥下 under the command of Joseph Rushmore
一直试图破译日本海军的JN-25密码 has been attempting to decipher JN-25, the Japanese naval code
使用打孔卡技术和数学分析 Using punch card technology and mathematical analysis
他们昼夜不停地工作 they work around the clock
在攻打中途岛前 In the lead up to Midway
他们取得了重大突破 the decisive breakthrough is made
他们破译了密码 They break the code
他们知道日本人要来了 They knew the Japanese were coming
他们知道他们要从哪里来中途岛 They knew where they were coming to Midway
他们甚至知道他们何时会来 They even knew when they were coming
美国情报局最终掌握了日本攻击的全面计划 U.S. intelligence finally grasps the full-scale of the Japanese attack
情况十万火急 The situation is highly precarious
以自身实力较弱的舰队 For the weakened fleet
对抗如日中天的敌军 and up against the battle-hardened enemy force
中途岛是战局的重中之重 Midway is the moment of truth
美国想要拿下中途岛之战 In anyway the Midway battle would work for America
就必须要把航母派遣到正确的位置 was to have their carries in the right place
以及在正确的时机将战力投入对抗日军 and to have the strength against Japanese just at the right time
美军必须先下手为强 The Americans had got to get in the first major shot
凌晨4时许，日军开始轰炸中途岛 At 4:00 a.m., Japanese bombing of Midway begins
南云上将所不知道的是 What Admiral Nagumo can't see
275公里之外，超出日军雷达侦测距离之处 is 275 miles away, safely outside the range of Japanese radar
4艘美国航母正准备进行反击（实为3艘，原片口误） 4 U.S. carriers are poised for a counterattack
仅在上午7点40分 Only at 7:40 a.m
日本侦察机就发现了美军舰队 does the Japanese reconnaissance plane spot the U.S. fleet
战局往往决定于瞬息之间 Battles often decided by minutes and seconds
在中途岛战役中，充满着这类关键时刻 At Midway, it's filled with important minutes and seconds
当日本侦察机最终发现美军舰队时 When the late spotter plane finally finds American fleet
南云上将陷入了踌躇 Admiralty Nagumo sticks with the dilemma doubt
我是该将已经装上炸弹的飞机按原计划派去轰炸中途岛 Do I outfit my aircraft for bombs to bomb the Midway as they already are
还是终止任务，卸下炸弹，换上鱼雷去攻击美军舰队呢？ or do I stop, take those bombs off and put on torpedoes, so they go after America Fleet?
无论他做出怎样的决定 And whatever decision he comes upon
都将对接下来的战斗产生决定性的影响 is going to be a major impact on the rest of the battle
当他们正在纠结之时 While they were doing analytical
出现了一个危险的等待期 there's along critical waiting point
飞机停在甲板上，大量炸弹堆在一旁 with aircraft on the decks huge quantities of explosive around
对日本人来说，这是最危险的时刻 for the Japanese, this was the riskiest moment
这个瞬间美国人已经等了很久 It is the moment America has been waiting for
41架道格拉斯鱼雷轰炸机进入攻击阵位 41 Douglas torpedo bombers descend for the attack
但是美国鱼雷轰炸机没有护航，完全就是活靶子 But the America torpedo bombers show up unescorted, completely vulnerable
它们如瓮中之鳖般被击落 They're shot down like fish in the barrel
全军覆没 They just don't survive
出发的41架飞机损失了35架 35 out of 41 planes are lost
却没有一颗炸弹（鱼雷）击中日本舰队 not a single bomb hits the Japanese fleet
看起来日本已经稳操胜券 it seems that Japan has struck the decisive blow
但是突然间 And all of a sudden
俯冲轰炸机到达战场，整个战局发生了改变 the dive bombers're coming and the whole war changes
美国第二波俯冲轰炸机到来 A 2nd wave of the American dive bombers descends
日本舰队没有空中掩护 There's a Japanese fleet with no air cover
并且甲板上摆满了各种飞机、鱼雷和炸弹 and decks're covered with airplanes, and torpedos, and bombs
他们现在生不如死 They are just tortures to be lived
俯冲轰炸机到来后 and Dive bombers were coming in
三艘日本航母分分钟被摧毁 and 3 Japanese aircraft carriers are destroyed in minutes
随着日本最后的航母被摧毁 As the final Japanese carrier was destroyed
随之而去的是日军250名精英飞行员 along with 250 elite Japanese pilots
实力的天平瞬间倾向了美国这边 the balance of power has dramatically swung in America's favor
我们有7艘在建的新航母 We had 7 new carriers under construction
而他们只有1艘在建的航母 They had 1 carrier under construction
所以他们再也无法填补航母的空缺 So they were never going to be able to replaces these carriers
这意味着他们将在战争接下来的时间里被迫转入防御 What it meant is they'll be thrown back on the defensive for the duration of war
在全球战争中 In a global theater of war
制空权被证明是取得胜利的决定性因素之一 control of the air is proving to be one of the determining factors for victory
在地球的另一边 On the other side of the planet
美军对纳粹德国的首次攻击从天而降 America's first strikes on Nazi Germany are coming from the sky
欧洲的主要城市成了战争前线 The major cities in Europe are the new front line of the war
《从太空看二战》
珍珠港事件6个月后 6 months on from Pearl Harbor
二战正处在一个临界点 and the battle fronts of WWII are at a tipping point
美国和他的盟友已经在大西洋战场上成功遏制了德军的破袭 America and her Allies have stalled the momentum of German aggression in the Battle of Atlantic
并且在中途岛成功阻止了日本领土的扩张 And halt Japanese territorial expansion in the decisive victory at Midway
1942年6月 And in June 1942
美国的第一批轰炸机抵达英国 the first American bombers arrive in Great Britain
他们加入了自从战争开始就已经展开的 They join a brutal battle for air supremacy
肆虐整个欧洲的残酷制空权争夺战中 that has raged over Europe since the outbreak of the war
1942年6月9日
1939年9月1日
纳粹德国空军中队拿下了第一滴血 Germany's Luftwaffe squadrons draw first blood
把波兰、低地国家（荷兰、比利时、卢森堡）和法国纳入了他们的统治 bringing Poland, then the Low Countries and France to their knees
法国在1940年沦陷 The fall of France in 1940
面对闪电战全面溃败 really seemed they vindicate the superiority of Blitzkrieg
他们一直担心德军可能势不可挡 There'd been concerns that the Germans maybe unstoppable
随着纳粹的霸业几近成型 With Nazi domination almost complete
希特勒将德国空军指向他最后的敌人，英国 Hitler turns the Luftwaffe against his last remaining opposition, Great Britain
皇家空军临危受命 It is imperative that its Royal Air Force holds
不列颠之战关乎英国的生死存亡 The states in the Battle of Britain for British are survival
1940年7月10日，不列颠之战开始了 July 10th 1940, the Battle of Britain begins
德国空军猛攻英军的防线以及主要城市 The Luftwaffe pounds British defenses and it's major cities
英国皇家空军适应的很快 The RAF adapts very quickly
他们击落的轰炸机和战斗机数量使德军难以承受 and begins to shoot down more German bombers and fighters than the Germans can replace
德军113天内被击落1900架飞机 1,900 German aircraft are destroyed in 113 days
这是一场不被允许的消耗战 It is an unsustainable rate of attrition
所以他们被迫取消了不列颠之战 So they were forced to cancel the Battle of Britain
并开始集结部队入侵苏联 and began massing force to put the invasion of Soviet Union
不列颠空战是二战中希特勒的首次重大失败 The Battle of Britain is Hitler's first major defeat of WWII
空军是现代战争中的新兴主力 Airpower is the new orthodoxy of the modern warfare
罗斯福下令进行大批量飞机制造 Roosevelt orders vast squadrons of aircraft to be manufactured
在密西根州福特公司的Willow Run工厂里 At Ford's Willow Run plant in Michigan
惊人的生产了8,500架轰炸机 an astounding 8,500 bombers are produced
共超过127,000架轰炸机被生产下线 Over 127,000 bombers are made
13,600架轰炸机被运送到了英国机场 13,600 are transported to British airfield
这使得对德国的攻击进入了一个新阶段 The assault on Germany can now enter a new phase of intensity
向英国输送空军起到了许多重要作用 The air force in Britain had a number of impacts
第一便是保证德军无法对英国本土发动大规模打击 number one guaranteed that the Germans were not able to launch a major attack against Britain
他们再发动不列颠空战时会发现，好多盟军飞机啊 They had the Battle of Britain there, just too many Ally planes there
美军最终的加入也极大的鼓舞了整个英国的士气 It also was a boost to British morale that Americans finally come in mass
但是美军航空队才刚刚加入这场新模式的战争 But the American airmen are entering a new kind of warfare
数量上的绝对优势并不能保证胜利 where sheer weight of numbers is no guarantee of success
德国把大量的武器投入拦截轰炸机 The amount of weapons that are being thrown up to stop the bombers
使盟军付出了巨大代价 is having an enormous toll
步兵和空军的生还率比是11:1 The survivability rate is going to be 11 to 1 to the infantry
实际上，在欧洲战场的散兵坑里当个步兵 It's actually safer to be an infantryman on the ground in European in a foxhole
要比呆在这些飞上高空的先进机器里安全得多 than it is to be in this advanced machine flying high above
在损失了1135架轰炸机之后，皇家空军转而进行夜间空袭 After losing 1,135 bombers, the RAF switches to nighttime raids
但是在黑夜中，只有1.5%的炸弹能落在距离目标3公里的范围内 But in the dark, only 1.5% of all bombs fall within 3 miles of the target
美军认为这样太没效率了 The American decided that's too inefficient
轰炸应该在白天进行，这样才能看得清目标 that you had to do it in day light where you can see the target
他们认为我们还有更多有自卫能力的轰炸机 They thought we'd got more ever defended bombers
美军认为这样没问题 We think this would work
美国人的自信基于B-17轰炸机 American confidence is based on the B-17
当时最为精密的战争机器 the most sophisticated war machine of its times
B-17是一款传奇炸B The B-17 is an amazing aircraft
被世人称作“空中堡垒” They called it the Flying Fortress worldwide
它有13挺.50口径（12.7毫米）重机枪 It has 13 fifty caliber machine guns
赋予了它全方位的自卫火力 arrayed all around to give it a bubble of fire
你可以向前方的来敌开火 You have fire coming out the front
你可以向侧翼的来敌开火 You have fire coming out the flanks
下方、上方、以及后方 below, above, and in the rear
她被认为可以在白天，无需战斗机护航的情况下飞行 It was believed that he could fly in broad daylight unescorted by fighter aircraft
直插敌军腹地 deep into the heart of the enemy territory
然后向目标投下大量炸弹 and unleashed an amazing amount of ordnance on enemy targets
出于对B-17坚定不渝的信任 With unswerving faith in the B-17s
美军第八航空队制定了一个双重打击方案 the American Eighth Air Force plan a dual raid
意图摧毁德国航空工业命脉 to destroy the heart of German aviation production
Schweinfurt-Regensburg行动看上去可以证明 The Schweinfurt--Regensburg mission was seen as a way to really prove that
精准轰炸的想法将会奏效 precision bombing idea would work
他们挑选出了那些可以削弱德国经济的关键工业作为打击目标 They seemed to have picked out the key industry that they can knock out that would cripple German economy
他们制定了一系列的作战计划，为了能使他们接近目标 They had the battle plan they thought would get them to the target
两个联队的B-17 Two squadrons of B-17s
由Lemay上校和Williams准将指挥 commanded by Colonel Lemay and Brigadier General Williams
准备同时攻击德国分散的防御工事 prepared to attack simultaneously splitting German defenses
几乎转瞬间，计划被打乱了 Almost immediately, the plan begins to unravel
英国当天起大雾，Lemay的中队起飞了 It's a foggy day in England, Lemay got his guys up
但另一个中队根本无法起飞 The other bomber division couldn't get up
最终决定不能再让Lemay的中队返航降落，而是继续执行任务 The decision was made that they couldn't land Lemay's guys, they sent them on
当Lemay的中队独自执行Regensburg行动的时候 When the Regensburg mission goes in on itself
轰炸机简直就是待宰的羔羊 the bombers were sitting ducks
不仅仅是高射炮 not only for flak
德国人动用一切可用之力来拦截他们 but for the Germans they were gathering from all over to halt and fence them
在Schweinfurt的中队到来之后 The Schweinfurt leg then comes in
Regensburg行动已经结束，德军有足够的时间重整旗鼓 enough time after the Regensburg leg, so the Germans can refit and rearm
而且他们走的是相同的航线 And it goes through the same airline
60架美军轰炸机被摧毁，是最大单次轰炸任务损失的两倍 60 US bombers are destroyed, double the losses ever suffered in a single raid
盟军的问题在于 The problems for the Allies was that
我们过于信赖“空中堡垒”了 we took the marketing of the Flying Fortress seriously
我们认为它可以通过自卫机枪来保护自己 We took the idea that it can protect itself with its own machine guns
而没有考虑到护航的重要性 and not have to worry about escorted seriously
这显然是不行的 And that didn't work
以上战例所反映出的缺陷非常明显 The flaw is startlingly clear from above
即缺少战斗机的护航 the lack of fighter escort protection
而战斗机的航程却十分有限 the fighters have limited range
使其只能为轰炸机提供有限一段护航 and can only protect the bombers part way to their targets
之后就只能让它们暴露在危险之中了 leaving them dangerously exposed
然后转机出现了，我们的P-51登场了 Then we get the real game changer, We get the P-51
P-51在许多层面上都能称得上是一款了不起的战斗机 P-51 was an amazing fighter on so many different levels
但真正关键的是它那惊人的航程 But the real key is it had an amazing range
它可以伴随美军轰炸机全程进、全程出 It went with the American bombers all the way in, all the way out
这意味着我们可以端掉德军的空中防卫 That meant we could take down the German defenses
我们可以建立真正的空中优势 We could create true air dominance
你可以看到天空已经不属于德国空军 And that's when you see the Luftwaffe essentially swept from the skies
一旦德国空军被摧毁 Once the Luftwaffe is destroyed
我们就可以在德国领空自由行动了 we have pretty much free reign over the German skies
我们开始实施拿下石油工业的行动 We really start to take down the oil industry
石油，是二战中最为重要的战略资源 Oil, the single most essential commodities of WWII
拥有源源不断的石油供给是通向胜利的必由之路 The possession of large supplies of oil was the only way to victory
没有石油，机械化部队无法作战 Without oil, mechanized armies could not fight
从太空上，我们可以清楚的看到全球石油储备的情况 From space, the battle for the world's oil reserves is revealed
美国处于自给自足的状态 America is self sufficient
其油田是盟军军事实力的基石 It's oil fields are the cornerstone of Allied military strength
相较之下，德国的2000万桶石油储备正在消耗殆尽 In contrast, Germany's stockpile of 20 million barrels is rapidly running out
德国所面临的一个重要战略难题是他们无法获得 One of the weaknesses of the German war effort was couldn't it access to
充足的石油，于是他们决定使用 unlimited quantities oil, they then decided to use
合成油，而合成油的确弥补了石油的不足 synthetic oil and synthetic oil was really critical for making up that difference
合成油用煤和天然气制出 Synthetic oil, produced from coal and natural gas
是希特勒机械化部队的血脉 is the life blood of Hitler's mechanized forces
然而盟军的空袭极大的打击了德国的合成油产业 As Allied air raids cripple Germany synthetic fuel production
希特勒把最大的希望寄予到夺取高加索油田 Hitler's best hope is to seize the Caucuses oil fields
深入苏联腹地，双方的冲突 Deep inside Russia, the 2 sides clash
造就了史上前所未见的血腥战斗 in the bloodiest fighting history has ever seen
这是第二次世界大战最为紧要的关头 At stake is the outcome of WWII
1940年9月 September 1940
当美国仍保持中立之时 while America remains neutral
希特勒已经牢牢掌控了欧洲大陆 Hitler has mainland Europe in his grip
但是在不列颠上空，纳粹铁流的西进被阻止了 But in the skies over Britain, the Nazis relentless westward advance is halted
不列颠空战的失败迫使希特勒把目光转向了他的终极目标 It is a defeat that forces Hitler to turn his attention towards the ultimate goal
那就是征服并毁灭苏联 the conquest and annihilation of the Soviet Union
苏联几乎可以代表希特勒所憎恨的一切 The Soviet Union represented the nexus of everything that Hitler hated
希特勒认为苏联是共产主义和犹太教的重要据点 He saw it as a bastion of communism and Judaism
如果不捣毁它 and if it were not defeated
苏联终将会给德国和雅利安种族带来灭顶之灾 ultimately the Soviet Union would destroy Germany and destroy the Aryan race
但也有个更为实际的原因 But there is also just sheer pragmatism here
苏联是个正处于成长中的经济体，有很大的发展空间 The Soviet Union was the grow through Wirtschaft the great economic space
德国需要这些原材料，石油和粮食 They needed the raw materials, the oil, the food
如果占领了苏联 and by annexing the Soviet Union
德国就有能力来维持旷日持久的战争 it may be able to sustain a long war
并抵御来自英美的袭击 and fend off any British-American attacks
1941年6月22日 June 22 1941
希特勒发动了巴巴罗萨行动 Hitler launches Operation Barbarossa
入侵苏联 the invasion of the Soviet Union
横贯1800英里的战线 Across an 1,800 mile front
希特勒的400万国防军一路所向披靡 Hitler's army of over 4 million Wehrmacht troops surges forward
所经之地一片焦土 destroying everything in its path
这是战争史上集结规模最大的军队 This was the largest army that it had been assembled in the history of the world
与德国人表现出的战术与协同力相比 And the Germans demonstrated an operational and tactical mastery
苏联部队则显得力不从心 that the Soviet simply could not match
那种残暴程度令人匪夷所思 And the barbarity is almost incomprehensible
尾随前线部队其后的，是特别行动组 Following the front-line troops, there were special action squads
他们的目标是寻找并屠杀 Their purpose was to identify and murder
占领区内的政治领袖和犹太人 political leaders and ultimately Jews in the occupied areas
一百万的苏联人成为了这场灭绝人性屠杀的牺牲品 The slaughter of a million Soviets is the merciless testing ground for the holocaust
党卫军加快了对犹太及其它被视为劣等种族的灭绝行动 The SS accelerate the genocide of Jews and others seen as undesirable
超过九百万人惨遭屠杀 Over 9 million are slaughtered
这是一条流水线式的疯狂杀戮 This was industrialized mass murder
这种事情就算是放到中世纪也不会出现 This is something that ... that hadn't even appeared in the middle ages
1941年的冬季 By the winter of 1941
德军的疯狂推进使他们离胜利女神仅剩一步之遥 their brutal advance has brought them to the brink of victory
列宁格勒被围困 Leningrad is under siege
德国的装甲师也已经兵临莫斯科城下 And German panzer divisions are at the gates of Moscow
为了寻求思想上和战术上的双重碾压 Seeking a devastating tactical and ideological blow
希特勒将他的注意力转向了斯大林格勒 Hitler turns his attention towards Stalingrad
对于希特勒来说，拿下斯大林格勒非常重要 Stalingrad was an important target for Hitler
因为他知道只要拿下它，就可以好好羞辱一下斯大林 because he knew by taking it, he'll insult Stalin
他也知道斯大林会使出浑身解数将其夺回 He also knew he will forced Stalin to try to take it back
这样一来他就可以大大削弱苏联红军的实力 and he would be able to wear down the Red Army
但与此同时它也是一个战略要地 But also it was an important city
因为这里可以成为他南进夺取高加索产油区的重要交通枢纽 because it would permit him to pivot south into the Caucuses and take all these oil producing regions
从而使德国可以在石油上自给自足 and let Germany self-sufficient in petroleum
对双方来说，在斯大林格勒的战斗都将孤注一掷 For both sides, the stakes for the battle of Stalingrad are immense
对希特勒来说，输掉斯大林格勒战役将会打破纳粹的不败神话 For Hitler, to fail at Stalingrad would be an enormous blow to the Nazi myth
对战争本身来说，也会是一个沉重的打击 It would be an enormous blow to the war itself
同样的，约瑟夫·斯大林也寸步不让 Similarly, Joseph Stalin was unrelenting
他绝不能容忍失败，绝不能容忍撤退 He would not tolerate defeat. He would not tolerate pulling back
投降或者失地都会受到最大程度的制裁 To surrender or to give ground would be met by the utmost sanction
德国空军向斯大林格勒投下了数以千吨的炸弹 The Luftwaffe drop a thousand tons of bombs on Stalingrad
在250万军队出击之前 before two and a half million troops clash
斯大林格勒战役的惨烈程度堪比地狱 The ferocity of the Battle of Stalingrad was something straight out of hell
逐街逐巷的城市战斗并不罕见 It was not uncommon for battles to be raging not over parts of the city, or city blocks
但是每栋楼的每一层都寸土必争实属不多 but literally for different floors within one building
有些情况下，苏军增援部队在没有武器的情况下直面死亡 In some cases, Soviet reinforcements came forward without weapons facing certain death
然而，他们仍一次又一次的冲锋，前赴后继 and yet, again and again and again they came
在斯大林格勒战役期间，苏联红军发动了天王星行动 As the battle rages, the Red Army launches Operation Uranus
希特勒指挥部看不到的东西可以从太空中看得一清二楚 What Hitler's high command cannot see is revealed from space
在切断德军退路之前，有超过一百万苏联军队从德军侧翼迂回 Over one million Soviet soldiers outflank the German position before cutting through the enemy's rear
天王星行动让德军瞠目结舌 Operation Uranus was a complete shock
斯大林格勒的德军突然间被反包围了 And suddenly Stalingrad was encircled
切断了补给线后，德军被困于俄罗斯的严冬中 Cut off from supply, the Germans are plunged into the harshest of Russian winters
在人类难以承受的恶劣环境中，德军开始瓦解 In sub-human conditions, they begin to disintegrated
天寒地冻，粮食短缺 It was freezing cold, Food supply began to decline
枪炮冻住，简直就是一场噩梦 Guns jammed, it was a nightmare
那种体验很难用三言两语就能描绘出来 It's difficult to convey in simple words what life experience was like
在5个月的围城之后，希特勒曾称雄一时的第六集团军缴械投降 After five months under siege, Hitler's once-mighty 6th Army capitulate
而后德国第一集团军也相继撤退 the first German field army to do so
整场战役损失了将近两百万人 Nearly 2 million have fallen
不过对苏军来说，局势开始扭转 But for the Soviets, the tide is turning
苏军士气的爆棚没有丝毫吹嘘 The boost of Soviet morale can scarcely be overstated
德军战俘被押运到莫斯科 German prisoners were marched through Moscow
并以此证明纳粹士兵并不是超人 and this proved that the Nazi soldiers were not supermen
相反，他们看到的德国兵们是一支撤退、投降 instead, they saw German soldiers who quit, who surrendered
无法和苏军意志所抗衡的的败军之旅 who could not match the determination of the Soviet soldiers
失败对希特勒来说是不能容忍的 For Hitler, the defeat of is devastating
他本能地发起反击 instinctively, he strikes back
阿道夫·希特勒试图重新掌握战略主动权 Adolf Hitler attempted to regain the strategic initiatives
去封闭战线上的缺口，那个围绕库尔斯克的突出部 to close a gap, a bulge if you will, center around Kursk
从太空上看，希特勒的目标非常明显——消除突出部 Seen from above, Hitler's objective is clear ---eliminate the bulge
集中兵力重夺主动权 concentrate his forces and regain the initiative
对盟军来说，他们的新战略伙伴正处于危机关头 For the Allies, it is critical that its newest military partner holds
东线战场对盟军至关重要，因为它牵制着大量德军作战部队 The eastern front is vital for the Allies because it absorbs the bulk of Germany's fighting powers
要做到这点，苏联人就得在陆战中承担最多的战斗与牺牲 To put it very brutally, the Soviets do most of the fightings and most of the dying on land
罗斯福把超过110亿美元的租借物资供给了斯大林 President Roosevelt commits over 11 billion dollars of Lend-Lease supplies to Stalin
然而通过欧洲的传统贸易路线被封锁了 Yet traditional trade routes through Europe are blocked
将美国的援助运往苏联成了战时盟军后勤的一项巨大挑战 Getting U.S. aid into the Soviet Union is one of the greatest Allied logistical challenges of the war
有三条路可供选择： There were 3 routes that we could use:
一条是经过北大西洋 one was the North Atlantic route
从北极圈到达阿尔汉格尔和摩尔曼斯克 into the northern Arctic ports Archangel and Murmansk
一路上风暴肆虐，冰山四伏，举步维艰 stormy seas, Iceberg, hard to get to
另一条是通过太平洋到达海参崴 And there was one across the Pacific to Vladivostok
但是所有物资必须在西伯利亚卸下 But everything had to be unloaded in Siberia
然后通过西伯利亚大铁路运到俄国 and then trucked into Russia on the Trans-Siberian Railway
这一路非常缓慢耗时 which is slow and time-consuming
还有一条是绕过好望角 And then there was one around the Cape of Good Hope
从伊朗进入南俄罗斯这一条路 up into Iran and into Southern Russia that way
波斯湾航线是支援苏联的重要通道 The Persian Gulf route is crucial to Russian success
但是保证这条航线的畅通是一个艰巨的任务 But making it viable is a monumental task
我们需要从零开始建立一条供给链 We had to build a supply chain from scratch
这里没有基础设施，也没有港口 There was no infrastructure, the harbors were not there
我们都需要重新建造 We had to construct those
盟军工程师建造了港口、码头和防洪堤 Allied engineers build wharves, jetties and piers
与此同时，450英里的公路和2000英里的铁路也开始建设 Simultaneously, 450 miles of roads are constructed, and 2,000 miles of railway modernized
随着所有这些路线的开通 With all routes now open
美国的1600万吨租借物资开始注入苏联 the U.S. pump 16 million tons of Lend-Lease into Russia
包括汽油 including our gasoline
弹药 ammunition
一整套军用通讯系统 an entire military telecommunication system
1400万双靴子 14 million pairs of boots
和足够天天喂饱每个苏军士兵一年以上的食物 and enough food to offered every Soviet soldier one square meal a day for over a year
但最重要的还是来自底特律的50万辆斯图贝克卡车 But most significant are the half a million Studebaker trucks supplied by the factories of Detroit
斯图贝克卡车极大的扭转了局势 Studebaker truck was a real game changer
因为它能使苏军施行大跨度远距离的后勤保障 because it gives the Soviet Army the ability to operate on a massive scale with a far front logistics
这些卡车的另一个优点是它对于战争本身的作用 The other thing that these trucks gave them is an advantage literally within the battle itself
苏军有很多火炮 The Russians had a lot of artillery
你可以利用这些卡车牵引火炮 You match that artillery with the trucks
这些反坦克武器瞬间就被飞一般的带往战场的每一个角落了 and suddenly they've got these flying anti-tank batteries to literally exhibit and cross different parts of the battlefield
为了在库尔斯克使苏军取得战术优势 To give the Soviets the tactical advantage at Kursk
盟军提供了最后一样东西 the Allies supply one final thing
有关德军进攻计划的情报 intelligence of the German offensive plans
苏军知道德军要进攻库尔斯克 Soviets knew they were coming
所以他们布置了一道战争史上前所未有的防线 and so they created defenses of the scale that really hadn't been seen before in the war
意味着人们常谈起的法国马奇诺防线 Mean people talked about the Maginot Line in France
这东西简直就是打了鸡血的马奇诺防线 this thing was the Maginot Line put on steroids
从太空上看，苏联整个巨大的防御工事非常清晰 From space, the full enormity of the Soviet defenses becomes clear
三条防线由上千门反坦克炮组成快速协同网络 Three defensive lines contain a fast interconnected web of thousands antitank guns
预瞻炮火区域以及超过40万颗地雷 pre-sighted artillery zones and over 400,000 mines
这是史上最大的防御网络，纵深超过50英里 It is the largest defense network ever constructed over 50 miles deep
1943年7月5日 July fifth 1943
超过2千辆坦克和2百万部队投入战斗 over 2,000 tanks and 2 million troops engage
库尔斯克战役的战争强度是史无前例的 The level of intensity at the battle of Kursk was extraordinary
大量的坦克和士兵 Large numbers of tanks and soldiers
要在极近距离内进行最残酷的厮杀 were fighting the most brutal degree at the very close quarters
有赤手空拳的残酷肉搏，也有火焰喷射器的火焰撕逼 There was brutal hand to hand combat, flame throwers
上千辆坦克被炮火淹没 thousands of tanks, covered with artillery raining down
所有的这些交织成了 All of this would combine to create a scene
一幅人间地狱似的场景 that would resemble hell on earth
11天后，德军的进攻被瓦解 After eleven days, the German offensive collapse
他们只完成了目标的三分之一 only a third of the way to their objective
希特勒试图摧毁苏联的计划失败了 Hitler's attempt to crush the Soviet Union has failed
希特勒最糟糕的噩梦即将到来 Hitler's worst nightmare had come to pass
德国人现在要面对两条战线上的消耗战 Germany would now be faced with the war on two fronts and the war of attrition
斯大林以巨大的损失换取了东部战线的主动权 Stalin gains the initiative on the Eastern Front at a huge costs
超过9百万苏联士兵的伤亡 over 9 million Soviet casualties
相比之下，美国还未在欧洲战场上投入一兵一卒 In contrast, America has yet to put a single soldier on the battlefields of Europe
斯大林对盟军迟迟不肯开辟第二战场十分着急 Stalin was deeply frustrated with Ally dangling about opening a second front
他猜测丘吉尔和罗斯福正策划一个 He assumed there was a conspiracy that Churchill and Roosevelt
对损失惨重的俄国开战的阴谋 were going to fight to the last Russian
然后英国人和美国人就可以穿越战线 Then the British and Americans would cross the channel
并且获得所有俄国人用鲜血和财富换来的战利品 and harvest all the spoils of war that Russians having won with their own blood and treasure
在全面入侵欧洲之前 Prior to a full-scale invasion of Europe
罗斯福选择在北非磨练他的军队 Roosevelt elects to blood his troops in North Africa
北非战场是块试水之地 The North Africa campaign was a testing ground
是从未与德军对弈过的美军的一个重大试练 for the American army which yet to face the German military in a significant way
过于自大，经验不足 Overconfident and inexperienced
美国军队将要经受一次足以动摇军心的战火洗礼 the U.S. military is about to receive a baptism of fire that will shack it to its core
凯塞林山口战役的灾难便是这一开端 The disaster Kasserine Pass was a seminal event
《从太空看二战》
当美国在太平洋加快对日本的进攻之时 As the American Pacific drive towards Japan accelerates
当斯大林坐镇东方 and as Stalin in the east
并且盟军的战略轰炸持续在西方削弱着第三帝国之时 the Allied bombing campaign in the west continue to weaken the Third Reich
美国准备在北非测试下自己的军队 America prepares to test its troops in North Africa
他们即将加入这个被战火肆虐了2年的沙漠战场 They will join the desert campaign that has been raging for over two years
1940年6月10日 June 10th 1940
贝尼托·墨索里尼掌控的意大利加入轴心国 Italy, under Benito Mussolini, joins the Axis
和德国一起，计划把英国赶出北非 And with Germany, plans to force Britain from North Africa
在二战期间，北非对英国是一个重要的前线 North Africa was a vital front for the British in WWII
因为这里对于大英帝国来说是一个十分重要的枢纽 because it was the vital hinge of the British Empire
德国与意大利的胜利 By German and Italian victory
将会打开中东从未被开发过的石油储备 will open up the untapped oil reserves of the Middle East
并且进一步控制连接着英国和它的殖民地的苏伊士运河 and seizes the Suez Canal that connects Britain to its Empire
你必须要不惜一切代价守住苏伊士运河 the Suez Canal you need to protect at all cost
想要最低成本运送大量物资装备 The bottom line if you move a large quantities of equipment
就必须使用海运 you got to use the sea lanes
这个至今依旧未变 and that's true today is, it was then
1940年9月 September 1940
轴心国开始进攻 the Axis invades
两年来他们让英国人节节败退 For two years, they drive the British back
但是推进最终止步 But the advance is halted
当德国陆军元帅隆美尔在阿拉曼被击败 as German Field Marshal Rommel is defeated at El Alamein
为了乘胜追击 To capitalize on this victory
丘吉尔游说罗斯福前来支援 Churchill lobbies Roosevelt for support
但是多数的总统顾问还是有所顾虑 But the majority of Presidential advisers have their doubts
最初，多数美国的高级军事人员 Initially, most Americans senior military personnel
觉得北非的战事相对于主攻方向只是一个消遣 thought the campaign in North Africa as a diversion from the main effort
本质上是在浪费时间 essentially a waste of time
罗斯福果断越过顾问团 Decisively, Roosevelt overrides his counsel
罗斯福将美军送至北非战场的决定 FDR's decision to send American forces out North Africa
可能是在二战中最重要的战略决定 probably the most important strategic decision of WWII
这个决策给了我们一个让美国陆军登陆的地方 It really gave us a place where we could land the U.S. Army
并让他们加入对抗德军二线部队的战斗 bring it to the battle against secondary German units
而非那些我们在欧洲遇到的部队 not the units we encountered in Europe
所以，这是这是这是一个明智的决定 And so it was it was it was a brilliant move（重复三遍，因为很重要！）
自珍珠港事件以来 Since the Pearl Harbor attack
美军积攒了一支数量庞大的军队 a vast American army has been amassing
他们求战似渴 hunger for their first taste of war
人民在征兵营里排着队 People were lined up at the recruiting stations
振臂高呼，我二月毕业，三月就穿上了戎装 All voiced up in arms, I graduate in February and I was in uniform in March
祖国遭到了侵犯，这就是我当时所想 The country had been violated that's what we thought
每个人只是想为国家做些什么 And everybody just wanted to get busy and do something about it
志愿者和应征者的名单让军队迅速膨胀 Volunteers and inductee from the draft swell the ranks
使美国崛起为世界上军事力量最强大的国家 as America rises to become the largest military power in the world
在战争前，包括航空队在内的全部美军力量 Before the war, the total strength of the U.S. Army including its air corps
还不足20万 was well below 200,000
六年之内在这基础上增长了40倍 There would be over 40 fold increase in the space of six years
战争期间，军队已经拥有了1600万装备齐全的战士 During the war, the armed forces had encompassed 16 million men under arms
占全部人口的13% That's 13% of the entire population
在这个巨大的军队组合下 With this vast army assemble
美国已经准备好了迎接“火炬”行动 America is primed for Operation Torch
这是史上规模最大的水陆两栖入侵行动 then the largest amphibious invasion in history
“火炬”行动对于美军的D日（诺曼底登陆）是非常重要的 Torch actually was very important with us for D-Day
这是一次规模庞大的行动 It was a huge uh... operation
后勤补给也极为复杂 Uh... it was logistically extremely complex
“火炬”行动对美国来说是一个巨大的挑战 Torch was a monumental challenge for the U.S
因为此时我们尚未赢得大西洋之战的胜利 because we hadn't won the Battle of Atlantic yet
我们必须从美国本土护送部队、弹药、补给到北非 We have to escort troops, ammunition, supplies from the United States direct to North Africa
同时也从英国往北非输送部队 escort troops from Great Britain down to North Africa
必须要穿越德军潜艇巡逻的海域 through waters patrolled by German submarines
然后我们需要在敌方沿岸登陆 Then we have to land on a hostile shore
1942年11月8日 November 8th 1942
73000盟军士兵在海滩上登陆 73,000 Allied troops disgorge onto the beaches
然后问题马上就来了 And immediately the problems begin
部队在北非登陆的时候 Forces on the landings of North Africa
有一句名言叫“在两栖登陆时，所有事都有可能出错” There is a great saying that everything that can go wrong in an amphibious landing
事实上每件可能出错的事，确实都会出错 and virtually everything that could go wrong did go wrong
在登陆艇上，你不能直接从正面登上海滩 On the landing craft you didn't run out of the front right onto the beach
而是要从侧面跳下来 instead you had to jump over the side
这当然不是最有效率的做法 That of course is not the most efficient way to get in there
而且是最危险、最慢的做法 it's the most dangerous, its the slowest
我们很大一部分的登陆艇在沙洲上搁浅 A number of our craft get stuck on sand bars
当他们把载具(SU-152??)开出来时，电子元件直接泡汤 When they drive them out, the electronics get fried
幸运的是，他们遭遇的是维希法国军队，其基本无心恋战 Fortunately, they'd fight the Vichy France, she would fight half heartedly
在1944年进攻德国和日本的时候 And had they been attacking the Germans in 1944, the Japanese in 1944
情况将会变得糟糕很多 experience would have been a lot uh... a lot worse
随着效忠于希特勒的维希法国部队投降 As French Vichy troops loyal to Hitler capitulate
美军挺进突尼斯 U.S. forces head for Tunisia
然后第一次遭遇了全副武装的德国战争机器 and there the first clash with the full strength German war machine
他们对于现代战争的状况真是不知者无畏 They're really blissfully ignorant of the realities of modern war
他们有卡车、有坦克、有步枪 I mean They've got their trucks, They've got their tanks, They've got their rifles
他们有十分复杂的指挥链 They've got their very complicated chain of command
军、师、旅、团、营 from army to corps, division, brigade, regiment, battalion
他们自我感觉良好 They think that those are fine
美军在突尼斯的费得城外遭遇了隆美尔 U.S. forces engage Rommel outside town of Faid
完成了初期突破后 Making an initial breakthrough
他们决定追击（德军）撤退的装甲师 they pursue retreating panzer divisions
从太空来看 From space
隆美尔大师级的战术开始显山露水 Rommel's master tactic is revealed
装甲师是诱饵 The panzers are decoy
将美军引入了陷阱 luring U.S. forces into a trap
美军成为了德军双翼包围的猎物 They fall prey to the techniques of double envelopment by the Germans
他们动用了十分精良的武器，比如德军的88炮 With some very good weapons like the German 88
88毫米炮是一款世界级的反坦克武器 The 88-mm gun was literally a world-class antitank weapon
不仅是因为它的射程远 Not only could it shoot at further distance
而且还有难以置信的杀伤力 but it had and incredible kill rate
简单来说就是非常致命 It's basically just lethal
这东西简直就是恶魔 This thing is diabolique
大多数情况下，美国人不是投降就是丢盔弃甲 In many cases, Americans either surrendered or dropped their weapons and brand
美国人的表现就是个悲剧 The American performance, to put it charitably, was dismal
美军被逼退回了凯塞林山口 U.S. forces are push back into Kasserine Pass
在持续的打压下，这支未经试炼的部队开始瓦解 where under constant attack, the untested units fall apart
在紧急情况下将我们的军队扩充到6千万 To raise our forces to 60 million people in a hurry
意味着初始阶段的武装冲突 It means that at the initial stages of armed conflict
你必须有部队在前线 you're going to have troops in the front line
在这一刻之前，他们是未经战火的 You have no taste of the battle before this moment
举个例子，德怀特·艾森豪威尔在成为盟军最高指挥官之前 Dwight Eisenhower, for example, becomes the supreme Allied commander
二战北非战役之前 Before WWII, for North Africa campaign
他从来没有听过子弹在耳边怒啸而过的声音 he had never heard a bullet fired in anger in his entire life
当时他完全没有真正的实战经验 He had no ... no actual combat experience
英国第一军的增援抵达，才避免了灾难的进一步升级 Further disaster is averted when reinforcements from the British 1st Army arrive
并且蒙哥马利元帅从东面开始逼近 And with Field Marshal Montgomery approaching from the east
隆美尔这才撤军 Rommel retreats
弗兰克·格尔瓦西之后去打扫战场 Frank Gervasi witnesses the aftermath
我们抵达了凯塞林山口 We got to Kasserine Pass
并且开始巡逻 and we had patrols going up
依旧可以闻到焚毁坦克里烧焦尸体的气味，糟透了！ You still smelled the flesh through the burn out tanks and human beings in there, it is bad!
我们损失惨重 We took a lot of beaten
但是别忘了我们遭遇的是德军中最棒的，隆美尔的部队 Don't forget we were against Germany's best, Rommel's
我们有装备，但是我们没有实战经验 We had the equipment, but we didn't have the experiences
美军伤亡6500人 America suffers 6,500 casualties
美军的首次陆战以灾难告终 Its first land battle in WWII is a disaster
凯塞林山口战役是美国的一次巨大失败 Kasserine was a tremendous defeat for the United States
没有什么好解释的，但另一方面 just no way that should occur that, on the other hand
凯塞林山口战役也是美军之幸 Kasserine is the best thing ever happening to the US Army
在这里的失利总好过在诺曼底失利 Better get your butt kicked there than get your butt kicked at Normandy
我们在行动指导方针上做出了修改 There are some changes made in policies in how we'll get operated
当然也有一些指挥阶层的变动 but there's also some key leadership changes
艾森豪威尔被替换，乔治·巴顿走马上任 Got Eisenhower earning his spurs, got George Patton
在北非学到的一课，也将被运用到接下来的二战当中 And lessons learned in North Africa could to be applied for the rest of WWII
新美军主义造就了翻天覆地的变化 The new U.S. Army doctrines insure a dramatic turnaround
他们首先攻陷了突尼斯 First, Tunisia falls
然后是西西里岛 followed by Sicily
为盟军进军意大利打下基础 preparing the way for the Allied invasion of Italy
在世界的另一端，太平洋战争 And on the other side of the world, the Pacific War
进入了最凶残的一章 enters a new phase of ferocity
伤亡异常惨重 The carnage was phenomenal
自珍珠港事件中浴火重生，美国的战争机器展现出了巨大的潜力 From the ashes of Pearl Harbor, the American war machine is approaching full potential
在三个大陆上与敌军作战 engaging her enemies on 3 continents
在太平洋战场 In the Pacific
部队人数增长了457% troop numbers grow by 457%
其舰队规模增长了三倍 Its fleet triples in size
在这支庞大军队的组合下 With this vast force assembled
美国终于开始了对日本的讨伐 America's final drive towards Japan begins
美军的策略是采取两翼进攻 American strategies at dual prong approach
由尼米兹上将带领海军陆战队进军中太平洋 with Admiral Nimitz for the navy marines going to the Central Pacific
由麦克阿瑟将军带领主力陆军从西南太平洋进军 General MacArthur with the most army forces coming through the Southwest Pacific
沿两条轴线向日本推进 both approaching Japan from different axis
尼米兹上将的舰队是史上最庞大的舰队 Admiral Nimitz's flotilla is the largest in history
是摧毁日军防御据点的最佳武器 the perfect weapon to destroy Japan's defensive strongholds
这是一支庞大的舰队，有航空母舰、驱逐舰、高速战列舰 It is this massive fleet of aircraft carriers, destroyers, fast battleships
备以充足的后勤补给船、油船、医疗船，有钱就是任性！ backed by this long logistics train of supply ships, oilers, hospital ships, you name it
这些东西都是正规工业化的制式产品 This thing was the validity and industrialization personified
这支舰队的目标是马里亚纳群岛的塞班岛 The flotilla targets Saipan, one of the Mariana Islands
这里的机场可以成为对日本实施持久战略空袭的跳板 It's airfields can become the launch pad for a sustained aerial bombardment of Japan
裕仁天皇要求他的32000名部队不惜一切代价坚守这个岛屿 Emperor Hirohito demands his 32,000 troops station there to defend at all costs
在日本人眼里，失败是不允许的，后退是不允许的 For the Japanese, defeat was not an option, retreat was not an option
就算失去所有一切 If it meant losing everything and everyone
他们也会为胜利而战 they would do it in pursuit of victory
1944年6月 June 1944
8000名美国海军陆战队开始顶着日军的火力抢滩登陆 8,000 U.S. marines hit the beaches under intense Japanese fire
海军陆战队如同踏入噩梦一般 The marines enter a nightmare
到那一天结束为止，日军的任务只有一个 At the end of the day, the Japanese have one job which is inflict
那就是给进攻敌军造成尽可能多的伤亡 heavy casualties on people attacking them
如果你在前线 If you're in the front line
你很可能就是伤员中的一个 you can be one of the casualties
面对顽强的抵抗 Facing fanatical resistance
后续8万部队的登陆 a further 80,000 troops land
都要依靠海军支援了 All depend on naval support
但是美军指挥官斯普鲁恩斯上将没有看到 But what U.S. commander Admiral Spruance cannot see
55艘日本舰船正在快速逼近 are 55 Japanese ships rapidly approaching
对日本人来说，这真的是他们最后的机会 For the Japanese, this really was going to be their last shot
他们必须在这场战争中取得胜利 They had to have success here in this particular battle
他们再也没有能力组成这种规模的部队了 They were not gonna build and ever field this kind of force again
面对险情，斯普鲁恩斯分兵两处 Responding to dangerous, Spruance splits his force
派遣其中一半去迎击日本舰队 dispatching one half to engage the Japanese fleet
两军交锋，美军的技术优势呈现碾压之势 As the 2 forces clash, U.S. technological superiority dominates
最为抢眼的是那480架新型地狱猫战斗机 Most notably, 480 newly developed Hellcats
地狱猫是种不可思议的武器 Hellcat's just an incredible weapon
它很快 It's fast
装甲精良抗打击，带伤也能继续飞 It can take hits and still keep going on it's well armored
更重要的是，该飞机全部是由精英飞行员所驾驶 And on top of that, it's now flown by elite pilots
日本人在战斗中丧失了他们近乎所有训练有素的飞行员 The Japanese lost most of their well-trained pilots on the battles
他们是无法取代的 They couldn't replace them
他们已经没有训练所需的燃料 They didn't have the fuel to train
飞机也相对落后 Their aircraft weren't as good
这些因素将菲律宾海战（即马里亚纳海战）变成了“射火鸡大赛” and that's what really creates the Turkey Shot of the Battle of the Philippine Sea
在接下来的8个小时里 Over the next 8 hours
429架日本战机被击落 429 Japanese planes are destroyed
而美军只损失29架 compared to 29 American
战损比达到15:1 a kill ratio of 15:1
这场美军飞行员对日军的大规模屠戮 The scale of the slaughter between the American pilots and Japanese
足矣显著改变战争的进程，在马里亚纳海战之后 is significant enough for war, after the Battle of Marianas
日军的航母舰队在太平洋战场上，已名存实亡 the Japanese aircraft carrier forces is no longer a factor in the War of the Pacific
在地面上，美军仍遭遇着日军凶残的抵抗 On land, American troops continue to face ferocious resistance
太平洋战争是艰苦且残酷的 The Pacific War was a bitter and cruel war
而在塞班岛战役中,愈发明显的呈现出 But at Saipan, it became more and more evident
日军在抵抗时所表现出的穷凶极恶 how deep was the Japanese ferocity or the ferociousness that Japanese capacity to resist
在一些毛骨悚然的故事中 On these hair raising stories
美军往日军藏身的坑道中倾倒汽油并引爆 about how the Americans had to lower drums of gasoline and exploded them in the caves which the Japanese were hiding
以为这样就能逼他们出来投降 because they could knock these people to come out and surrender
自杀的狂热并不只局限于士兵中 The suicidal fever is not confined to soldiers
8000名日本平民也选择了自尽 8,000 Japanese civilians leap to their deaths
美军简直不敢相信自己的眼睛 The American witnesses could not believe their eyes
居然会有这么多集体自杀的日本平民 They were seen in this mass suicide of Japanese civilians
包括妇女和儿童 including women and children
母亲宁可杀掉自己的孩子 women mothers killing their own babies
也不向美军投降 uh... rather than surrender to the Americans
在攻下塞班岛时 When Saipan falls
有3400名美国人死亡 over 3,400 Americans lie dead
与46000名日本人 alongside 4,6000 Japanese
其中一半是自杀的平民 half of who are civilian suicides
这只不过是血雨腥风的前奏 it's a mere taste of what's to come
1945年1月 January 1945
美国空军将领柯蒂斯·李梅到达马里亚纳一战所打下的机场 American Air Force General Curtis Lemay arrives at the conquered air fields of the Marianas
太平洋战争自此变得更加残酷 The war in the Pacific is about to ruthlessly escalate
柯蒂斯·李梅认为 Curtis Lemay believed
打击敌人不能有所顾忌和克制 there should be no hesitation and no moderation in bringing destruction to the enemy
最可靠、最有效的方法是 And the surest, most effective way to do that
通过大规模无差别的战略轰炸 would be through massive unrestrained strategic bombing
他打算通过轰炸来摧毁日本工业，但同时... He was going out to destroy the industrial power of Japan, and ...
他所点燃的连绵大火 the keen link for all those fires he was lighting to build on
事实上，烧毁了工厂，也烧毁了民居 In fact, to burn down the factories, happens to be houses where people in them
3月9日 March 9th
300多架B-29飞抵东京 over 300 B-29s reached Tokyo
它们有条不紊的 They systematically
向这座木制的城市倾泻了1665吨M69集束燃烧弹 lay down 1,665 tons of M69 incendiary clusters over the wooden city
这是人类文明史上最具破坏性的一次空袭 it remains the most destructive aerial raid in the history of mankind
日本人后来称早期火攻为“黑雪之夜” The Japanese later called the early fire raids 'The Night of Black Snow'
因为 because of the
这种特殊攻击给他们的生活留下的只有灰烬 the debris and the impact of this particular raids on their lives
目睹空袭的轰炸编队长机 Master bomber who was watching the raid
声称他在150英里外仍能看到火光 that he could see the fires 150 miles away
当时街道上流淌着被烧化了的沥青 You had asphalt melting in the streets
建筑外面流淌着烧化了的玻璃 You had glass melting out of buildings
很多机组成员们都被这场空袭的结果惊呆了 A lot of the aircrews were really shaken by the results
机尾的机枪手报告说看到街上的人被活活烧死 Tail gunners reported watching people burning to death
河流表面也被燃烧着的凝固汽油所覆盖 Burning rivers covered with napalms
日本医生也曾这样描述 Japanese doctors wrote about
当他们后来看到漂在河面上的残骸的时候 watching the debris floating in rivers afterwards
甚至一度无法辨认出那是尸体还是木头 they couldn't tell if it was bodies or sticks of wood
16平方英里的城镇被夷为平地 16 square miles are erased to the ground
9万平民丧生 The inferno claims 90,000 civilian lives
100万人无家可归 and leaves over one million homeless
在另一侧的大西洋 On the other side of the Atlantic
盟军集结待命 Allied forces converge to prepare
准备为解放欧洲寻求决定性的突破 for equally decisive breakthrough in the liberation of Europe
对于盟军而言，D日的登陆将 For the Allies, the D-Day landings represented
直接关系到整个战争的成败 the success or failure of the entire war
此战必将是刀尖舔血的一役 But the outcome really rested on a knife edge
1943年11月 November 1943
罗斯福，斯大林和丘吉尔 Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill
在德黑兰会面并制定了“霸王”行动 meet in Tehran to plan Operation Overlord
向纳粹控制的欧洲发动进攻 the invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe
丘吉尔向他们告诫了在行动中会遇到的挑战 Churchill warns of the challenges that await them
英国人已经领教过 The British had learned first-hand
德军之能征善战 how capable, how effective the fighting force Wehrmacht was
英军经历过惨痛的失利 Britain's experience is chastening
1940年的敦刻尔克大撤退 evacuated from Dunkirk in 1940
被德军赶出挪威和希腊 driven from Norway and Greece
但即便面对如此危险的对手 Yet despite the dangers
盟军仍决意冒险一搏 the Allies determined to risk everything
在这次大规模的跨海峡作战中 on a full-scale cross Channel invasion
攻入纳粹犬牙交错的防线 into the teeth of the Nazi defenses
为了能使D日作战成功 In order for D-Day to succeed
需要4个重要的条件 it required 4 distinct events to happen
首先，盟军需要充足的人力 First, the Allies needed the momentum of manpower
和装备以便能够攻上滩头 and equipment to make it to the beach
一旦登陆成功，要持续向滩头提供增援 and continued to reinforce the beachhead once the landings were secure
其次，要确保制空权 Secondly, it was air supremacy
盟军需要防止德军 The Allies had to prevent the Germans
向滩头阵地派遣增援部队 from reinforcing their positions on the beachhead
同时还需要苏军在东线发动攻势 also the Allies needed a majors Soviet offensive
这样两军就能够对德国形成包夹态势 So the Germany would be sandwiched between two invading armies
最后一点，就是需要攻其不备 And finally, the element of surprise
一旦德军洞察到主攻方向 If the Germans had been aware that the invasion was coming
那么行动自然会以败局收场 it would've certainly failed
为了赢得这场情报战 To win the intelligence war
盟军发动了“坚韧”行动 the Allies launch Operation Fortitude
“坚韧”行动即使站在今天的角度来看 Operations Fortitude stand to the present-day
仍可以说是现代战争中最经典的军事骗局 is arguably the greatest deception plan in modern warfare
在这次大胆的误导行动中 In an audacious act of misdirection
一支由“11个师”组成的影子部队 a decoy army of eleven ghost divisions
在巴顿将军的“统领”下 figureheaded by General Patton
部署在加莱对岸 assembles opposite Calais
他们需要让德军的高层指挥官误以为 They had to really trick the German high command to thinking
最短的横越海峡路线，加莱 that Calais, the shortest route across the channel
将是盟军的登陆地点 was the way the invasions going to be mounted
这里有假坦克、假机场、假机库 It had dummy tanks, dummy airstrips, dummy hangars
并且他们会刻意地让德军看到这一切 And they let the Germans come and see
空中侦察后，他们会说：“这里有大量的军队” They got fly over these areas, saying: "Here is a huge army"
“很明显这里就是主攻方向” "This is clearly where they are going to put their main effort"
在“坚韧”行动的掩护下 With Fortitude blinding the Axis
真正的进攻部队悄然集结 the real invasion force secretly assembles
950万吨补给品 9 and a half million tons of supplies
4000艘登陆艇 4,000 amphibious vessels
以及超过150万人的主攻部队 and over 1 and a half million troops
负责这次登陆所需的海量后勤补给挑战的 the man charged with the immense logistical challenge of the landings
是英国海军参谋伯特伦·拉姆齐 is British naval mastermind Sir Bertram Ramsay
伯特伦·拉姆齐的计划非常细致 Sir Bertram Ramsay's plan was meticulous
复杂，是经过演练的 was complex, was rehearsed
而且在各个方面都非常缜密周全 and it was thorough in every way
这是个波澜壮阔的计划 The plan is astonishing
将近7000艘装载着人员和补给的登陆艇 Almost 7,000 vessels will be loaded with men and supplies
秘密的转移至集结点 and moved in secret to the assembly points
到一个预定时间 At a predetermined time
他们将在雷区中开辟出狭窄的航道 they will navigate through narrow channels clear of mines
通过变幻莫测的大海到达敌占区的海岸 towards enemy shore through unpredictable seas
与此同时，海军将会建立保护屏障，以应对轴心国的反击 Simultaneously, naval screens will be mounted to protect against Axis counter attacks
整个行动的广度和深度完全超越了常识 The scope and depth of it is just off the scale
我个人曾参与过策划如...“沙漠风暴”行动 Me personally I've been involved in planning for a things like uh... Desert Storm
“自由伊拉克”行动的早期部分 Operation Iraqi Freedom, the early pieces of it
即便如此，在大型计算机和众多精英们的参与下 And even that, with big computers and lots of smart guys
工作量依然令人生畏 the work was daunting then
把盟军部队送上滩头 Getting the Allied forces to the beach heads
仅仅是个开始 is just the start
等待着他们的是希特勒的“大西洋壁垒” Awaiting them is Hitler's Atlantic Wall
长达1600英里的防御网 a defensive network 1,600 miles long
元首期望中的不倒防线 And considered by the Fuhrer as unbreachable
这条防线结合了方方面面 It's this combination of everything
包括上百万颗水雷 from millions of mines
专门设计用来破坏登陆艇底部的特殊防护栏 specific defenses designed to rip the bottom of the landing craft
然后你还会碰到火力环环相扣的机枪碉堡，6英寸火炮 Then you get to machine-gun bonkers with interlocking fires, 6" cannons, you name It
总之这是个让你倍感头疼的存在 It's just a nasty, nasty piece of work
你要知道敌人训练有素的军队在那儿等着你 You know there were trained troops who had been there for you
瞄准着滩头的每一条小径 sighting every avenue or approach of the beach
而且你要意识到敌人可能发动猛烈的反击 You know there could be a massive counter attacks
德军可是这方面的专家 Germans are masters of that
所以，这里会有非常多的不确定因素 So there's just so much uncertainty
适于行动的良机已捉襟见肘 The window of opportunity is desperately narrow
盟军最高指挥官艾森豪威尔最终确定了登陆日期 Supreme Allied Commander Eisenhower sets the date
1944年6月5日 June 5th 1944
一旦艾森豪威尔做出决定 Once Eisenhower made the decision
便无法回头，没有计划B it was irrevocable, there was no plan B
孤注一掷，一往无前 This was it, go for broke
要么入侵（德占欧洲）行动成功 Either the invasion would succeed or
要么入侵（德占欧洲）尝试无限期搁置 the invasion attempt would have to be put off indefinitely
德怀特·艾森豪威尔曾写过这样一张小条 Dwight Eisenhower sat down and wrote a little note
“为登陆失败付全部责任” "Taking blame for the failure of the landings"
如果登陆失败他就将这个小条交上去 That he was appeared to deliver if it did fail
在盟军阵营中没人敢保证行动一定能成功 No one on the Allied side saw this is a sure thing
当盟军轰炸链接诺曼底和东部地区的法国基础设施（路、桥）时 As the Allies bombed the French infrastructure connecting Normandy to the east
300万军人已与民间隔离，枕戈待旦 3 million servicemen are locked away from the population
沿海城镇被全部关闭 Coastal towns are locked down
战争的命运悬于一线 The fate of the war hangs in the balance
由于天气不利，在经历了24小时紧张的等待之后 After an agonizing 24-hour delay due to the bad weather
霸王行动，这个二战中盟军最为重要的行动正式开始 Overlord, the most important Allied operation of WWII, is set in motion
在舰队向诺曼底进发之前 Before the armada embarks for Normandy
盟军发动了最后一次精明的欺诈行动 the Allies launch one final master class of deception
为了让德军误以为加莱是盟军的主攻方向 To convince the Germans that Calais is the invasion site
英军轰炸机在低空盘旋 British bombers circle at low altitude
把数吨金属箔条洒向空中 dropping tons of metallic chaff into the air
这让德军的雷达上出现了大量的信号 This created a huge radar registry for the Germans
这支通过假文件与假基地在他们意念里建立起来的幻影军团 and this phantom army that has been constructed in their minds through documents and fake bases
现在开始活起来了 now it starts to come alive
完全打乱了德军的防御计划 Totally through the German defense planning
使德军陷入混乱 It through into disarray
在情报战的掩护下 With misdirection campaign underway
主攻部队朝着目标前进： the invasion force heads towards its targets:
5个滩头 5 beachheads
和一处位于奥克角峭壁顶部的炮台 and a cliff top gun emplacement at Pointe Du Hoc
在行动之前，空军和海军的联合轰炸沉重打击了德军的岸防阵地 Ahead of the transports, an aerial then a naval barrage pound the costal defenses
尽管如此，登陆艇上的士兵 Despite the assault, the men on the landing craft
还是遭到了德军猛烈火力的压制 come under ferocious German fire
战场扑朔迷离 It was confusing
德军飞机从我们头顶上呼啸而过 The German planes were gone right over us
炸弹、枪炮及其它所有声音夹杂在一起 There were these bombs and guns going on with everything else
其中一些人被炸弹击中了 Some of them are taken hit by bombs already
那种样子看起来像是...你完全认不出了 Now you can see is like ... you don't know who they were
有的人死在了水里，还有些被炸断了的残肢 see guys dead there in the water, some are limbs or upper arms
还有迫击炮在向登陆艇开火 There're mortars, they are firing on the boats
有的人当时就被吓哭了 Some guys were crying a little bit
有的人甚至被吓尿了 Some guys was even urinating
我们都非常紧张 We were all nervous
每个人都如此 Everybody was
但你对此却无能为力 But there is nothing you can do about it
你很清楚自己的任务，所以必须要完成它 You know what you had to do, then it had to be done
Charles Barley 和 Michael Brillo Charles Barley and Michael Brillo
都是第一波登上奥马哈海滩的士兵 are among the first to hit Omaha
这是德军防御最严密的滩头阵地 the most heavily defended German position
很多人成群结队的下船 A lot of guys were a bunch get out of the boat
瞬间就被那些家伙杀掉了 and they were killed instantly by those things
我们跳进水里 We got into the water
水大约齐腰深 The water was up to my stomach
我自言自语道：“再见了Charles，你死定了” I said to myself, I said, "Goodbye Charles, you are gone"
之后在水里的体验异常恐怖 And then it was really a terrible feeling in the water
你能看到周围全是尸体,你无法认出他们 You see there're bodies lying around, you couldn't identify them
真的很肮脏，很血腥 It's really nasty, really bloody
当时能从船上下来就已经很幸运了 Those fortunate enough to make off the boats
他们即将要面对的场景几乎是无法想象的 the scene they would've confronted is almost unimaginable
很多人甚至还没有从晕船中缓过神来 They would have been suffering still from seasickness
他们能听到子弹从头上呼啸而过 They would've heard the whirling of the bullets above their heads
还能看到前面那些已经死了的和还没有死透的美军士兵 They would see in front of them dead and dying American soldiers
那时已经不只是混乱了 But it was more than chaos
而是充斥着死亡的混乱 it was deadly chaos
随着盟军顶着德军无情的火力继续抢滩登陆 As the Allies continue to land against merciless German fire
伤亡率也在急速飚升 the casualty rates soars
但是在15个小时的激战后 But after 15 hours of fighting
所有滩头阵地都被拿下 all beachheads are taken
而奥克角也在第二天被盟军攻占 with Pointe Du Hoc falling the following day
盟军有一万人伤亡 The Allies suffer 10,000 casualties
但这些流血牺牲却换取了几乎不可能的成就 But it is bloodshed achieving the almost impossible
他们在纳粹占据的欧陆取得了立足之地 They have a foothold in Nazi-occupied Europe
对希特勒而言，这就好比一场噩梦 For Hitler, this was the nightmare come to pass
我们基本上，你看 We basically, you know
就相当于在1944年6月6日给纳粹德国下达了死亡判决 signed the death certificate of Nazi Germany on June 6th 1944
在诺曼底滩头阵地被压制了数个星期后 After weeks and weeks of being bottled up in the Normandy beachhead
全军的突进速度远超过原来的预期 the breakout that occurred exceeded expectations
行动的成功离不开支持前线的巨大后勤补给网络 The success is down to the network of supply lines chasing the front line soldiers
链接法国与战略大后方英国的是滩头的人造港口 Connecting France with the war depot of Britain are artificial Mulberry harbors
在前10个月当中，卸载了250万人 landing two-and-a-half million men,
400万吨补给品，50万辆载具 4 million tons of supplies, and 500,000 vehicles within the first 10 months
为进攻输送油料的为“冥王星”行动 Fueling the offensive is Operation Pluto
70英里长的海底管线 70 miles of undersea pipe lines
每天将100万加仑的燃油输送到法国 pumping up to a million gallons of fuel per day into France
如此吨位，如此百万加仑，如此规模的燃油输送工程 Those tons and those millions of gallons of fuel were on a scale that
恐怕以后都不会再有了 probably won't be replicated in the future
所以他们完成的工作也许在人类史上都是独一无二的 So what they accomplished might be unique in human history really
从太空上看 From space
盟军正以惊人的速度推进着 the speed of advance is astounding
8月19日，巴黎解放 August 19th, Paris's liberated
接着是鲁昂，凡尔登 followed by Rouen, Verdun
安特卫普和布鲁塞尔 Antwerp and Brussels
到9月份时，盟军已推进到了德国本土的边境——齐格菲防线 By September, the Allies reach the Siegfried Line on the cast by the German fatherland
希特勒发动了他最后的绝地反击——突出部战役 Hitler launches his final desperate counterattack, the Battle of the Bulge
尽管损失惨重，盟军仍然取得了最终胜利 Despite heavy losses, the Allies prevailed
而纳粹德国则被逼到了绝境 And Nazi Germany stands on the abyss
希特勒在阿登的豪赌基本上宣告了第三帝国的终结 Hitler's gamble on the Ardennes basically insurers the end of the Reich
这是他最后一支可在东线或西线实施影响战局行动的机动力量 This is his last operationable force he had, where he can try to influence the pace of either front, east or west
一旦他投入并耗光这支部队 Once he threw that force way
美苏两大势力在来年攻陷德国将不可避免 the American-Soviet conquering of the Reich in the next year was inevitable
欧洲战事接近高潮 The war in Europe nears its climax
在地球的另一边 On the other side of the planet
向日本的挺进也临近了血腥的结局 the drive towards Japan is also approaching it's bloody conclusion
但攻取每一座岛屿都伴随着巨大的损失 But every island invaded is coming at increasingly higher cost
在每一个进攻阶段都遭遇了日本的凶猛抵抗 At every stage of the ferocity and the intensity of the Japanese defenses increases
在塞班岛他们的想法是采用自杀式防御战略，硫磺岛更是加倍 what they thought was suicidal defense tactics in Saipan are redoubled at Iwo Jima
1945年2月19日 February 19 1945
6万海军陆战队士兵强攻硫磺岛 60,000 U.S. marines storm the island of Iwo Jima
无与伦比的惨烈战斗在这里上演 where a battle of unrival brutality begins
在硫磺岛的战斗可以说是美军史上所经历的最激烈战斗 The fighting on Iwo Jima stands it's arguably the fiercest fighting that U.S. military personnel had ever experienced
没有更多的惩治手段能令这帮日军屈服 There's no amount of punishment which could be inflicted on the Japanese that would cause them to lose their will
实际上，他们决定了要死在这片土地上 Essentially they've decided that they are going to die there
当你一旦有了这种自杀的狂热想法，这意味着 When you have that kind of suicidal fever, it means
以前的种种战术都将不再奏效 the sort of tactics you might have used previously don't work
然后我们开始使用火焰喷射器 And so we start using flame throwers
凝固汽油弹，坦克与之近距离交战 napalm, tanks up-close
这种方式的战争很黄很暴力 a style of battle that raises the level of violence
甚至超过了我们见过的早期二战 even pass what we've seen in earlier parts of WWII
真的是难以想象 just hard to imagine
当硫磺岛最终沦陷 When Iwo Jima falls
日本伤亡2万人，而美军伤亡2万3千人 Japan suffers 20,000 casualties, compared to 23,000 Americans
美军的伤亡第一次超过了它的敌人 The first time, U.S. casualties exceed that of their enemy
由于盟军准备进攻冲绳岛 As Allied forces prepare to invade Okinawa
作为进攻日本的跳板 the proposed launch pad for the invasion of Japan
对攻防双方都意义巨大 the stakes for both sides are vast
冲绳的日本守军明白 Japanese defenders of Okinawa knew
他们不可能存活下去，他们不可能胜利 that they were not going to survive. They could not win
但是他们希望可以对敌军造成更大的伤亡，制造更多的恐怖 But they hope that by causing enough casualties, creating enough horror
也许可以让美军取消进攻日本的决定 that it might either make the American decide not to invade Japan
或者至少可以让日本在某种形式上较为体面的去议和 or at least maybe get the Japanese a better peace offer some kind
1945年4月1日 April 1st 1945
美军舰队向目标逼近 the American armada approaches its target
在太平洋战场上它的规模是无可比拟的 Its scale is unmatched in the Pacific War
冲绳战役的军事工程规模可媲美D日（诺曼底登陆） Okinawa was a military undertaking on a scale that rival D-Day
进攻部队的规模，进攻舰队的规模 uh... the size of the invasion force, the size of invasion fleet
1200艘军舰支援着3个集团的两栖攻击部队抢滩登陆 1,200 warships support 3 mass amphibious attack forces hitting the beaches
超过17万部队如登无人之境 More than 170,000 troops land eerily unopposed
但是美军所看不到的是9万7千日本守军 But unseen by American troops are 97,000 Japanese defenders
已经以史无前例的蛮勇精神做好了突击准备 ready to strike with unprecedented savagery
日本士兵用他们的身体作为武器 They are taking the Japanese soldier and using just his body as a weapon
日本士兵带着22磅的挎包炸药钻到坦克下 Japanese soldiers with 22 pounds satchel bombs run under tanks
6000名只装备竹矛和随身武器的守军向美军发动了“万岁冲锋” And 6,000 defenders banzai charge marines armed only with bamboo spears and side arms
在我们这个时代，我们可以对照自杀式炸弹袭击者 In our own time, we make that comparison with suicide bombers
但如果你想象一下整个日军部队都有着如此深彻的觉悟 but if you could imagine entire Japanese units have that depth of commitment
他们宁可组团奔赴黄泉 that they would actually suffer mass essentially suicidal death
也绝不投降保命 rather than surrender their position
这是一个非常可怕的军事对手 that's a very formidable military opposite
在海上，一波又一波的神风敢死队冲向了美军舰队 At sea, wave after wave of Kamikazes crash into US ships
神风敢死队是... Kamikazes were...
尤其让试图击落他们的美军感到恐惧，因为 especially terrifying to the Americans trying to shoot them down because
你要怎样去阻止一个一心赴死的人？ how do you deter somebody who is willing to die for something?
他们的目标就是赴死 Their goal was to die
有18%的神风敢死队撞船得手 and 18% of the Kamikazes hit ships
404艘美军舰艇被击中 404 U.S. ships are struck
当冲绳岛最终被攻陷时,将近10万日军以及15万平民死亡 When Okinawa finally falls, nearly 100,000 Japanese soldiers and 150,000 civilians lie dead
美军有7万6千人伤亡 The U.S. suffers 76,000 casualties
占全部进攻部队的三分之一 a 3rd of the entire invasion force
战事升级的程度十分惊人 The escalation is just terrifying here
这还仅仅只是些小岛 and these are little islands
现在我们要讨论的是入侵整个日本本土 and now we're talking about invading the whole Japanese homeland
那里有数百万的守军和更多的平民 where there are millions of defenders and even more millions of civilians
美国的战争部门估算到 The U.S. War Department estimates
如果入侵日本将会造成1000万日本人伤亡 that the invasion of Japan will result in 10 million Japanese casualties
同时美国自己也将遭受至少170万的伤亡 along with at least 1.7 million Americans
必须找到其它解决之道 Another solution must be sought
当同盟国开始庆祝欧洲战场上的胜利 As the Allies celebrate victory in Europe
当希特勒和他的帝国在战火中湮灭之时 as Hitler and his Reich go up in flames
美国人有了他们的新总统 America swears in a new president
哈里·杜鲁门决定启用一种极具威慑力的新武器 and Harry Truman is destined to unleash a weapon so fearsome
它将开启全球战争的新纪元 It will herald in a new dawn of warfare across the globe
世界已被战火涂炭了将近六年 War has ravaged the world for nearly 6 years
德国和意大利都已败降 Germany and Italy are defeated
只有日本还在苦苦抵抗着 Only Japan fights on in defiance of the Allies
但是这件新武器将把二战推向高潮 But the new weapon is about to make WWII reach its climax
1938年12月 December 1938
德国科学家成功分裂了原子 German scientists split the atom
释放出2亿伏特的电能 releasing 200 million volts of electricity
在阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦警告美国总统罗斯福 After Albert Einstein warns U.S. President Roosevelt
希特勒计划研制原子弹之后 that Hitler plans an atomic program
一场围绕原子弹的军事竞赛就此打响 the race for the bomb is on
美国联合英国、加拿大进行合作，展开了曼哈顿计划 America, in collaboration with Britain and Canada, launches the Manhattan Project
在全国范围内开始建造大量城镇和工业设施 Entire towns and Industrial complexes are constructed across the nation
雇佣了60万人 employing 600,000 people
总花费20亿美元 and costing 2 billion dollars
相当于现在的258亿美元 25.8 billion in today's money
这是工程史上前所未有的 It is engineering on an unprecedented scale
不会有其他任何国家能够像美国当初那样完成曼哈顿计划 No other nation in the world could've done the Manhattan Project like United States did
这里云集了几乎所有理论物理学家 You get all these theorists together
提出了制造原子弹的两种方式 and they say there are 2 ways we can build this weapon
一种钚弹，一种铀弹 It's a plutonium bomb and an uranium bomb
它们制作流程不同，但都成本高昂 They are different processes, they're both immensely expensive
其他人可能会说我们该重点做哪一种呢？ Anybody else would say which one do I want to focus on?
但美国说为了确保成功，我们两个都要做 The U.S. said we'll make sure this works, so we gonna do both
1945年7月，曼哈顿计划瓜熟蒂落 July 1945, the project bears fruit
代号“小男孩”的铀原子弹 a uranium bomb, code-named Little Boy
和代号“胖子”的钚原子弹 and a plutonium bomb, code-named Fat Man
原子弹（枪式弹）的技术原理 The atomic bomb is a technology
可以追溯到火药枪级别 that historically is on the scale of introduction of gunpowder
它所产生的如此程度的杀伤力令整个二战都黯然 Being taken the kind of lethality that has been honed throughout WWII
新世界的大门已经打开 and multiplied it by a whole new world of magnitude
人类第一次拥有了可以瞬间摧毁一整座城市的力量 For the first time with a single event, an entire city could be destroyed
这标志着战争已进入新纪元 This represented a new era in warfare
当从波茨坦会议返回后，美国总统哈里·S·杜鲁门 Returning from the Potsdam Conference, U.S. President Harry S. Truman
必须决定是否对日本使用原子弹 must decide whether to unleash the atomic bomb on Japan
如果一年后，美国总统发现他有一件可以提早结束战争的武器 If it'd come out a year later that the president of the US had a weapon he could have used that might have ended the war earlier
而他没有用，从而造成了10万人的额外伤亡 And instead he did not and we suffered 100,000 extra casualties
那么他可就过了村没这店，追悔莫及了 He would have been ... run out of ... at best run out of the town on a rail
没有哪一个对国民负责的美国总统 There was no way an American president responsible to his constituents
在当时会不用这件武器 could've not used this weapon
杜鲁门以及对面斯大林所领导的红色阵营 Truman, pass out to Stalin and his communist ethos
将会看到在即将结束的世界大战中核武器的重要性 can see the significance of a nuclear strike for the post war world
1945年，美国面临一个两难局面 In 1945, America faced a real paradox
长久以来，罗斯福和杜鲁门对斯大林说： For a long time, of course, Roosevelt and Truman had been saying to Stalin:
“请帮我们一起打日本吧” "Please help us with the war against Japan"
“请出兵满洲，打败日本陆军” "Please invade Manchuria, Please defeat the Japanese Army"
但如果苏联真的打败了日军 But when it was realized that the Soviet Union might defeat the Japanese
并出兵占据部分日本岛屿时 then move on to occupy part of the Japanese islands
这是美国所不愿意见到的 that's not what the Americans wanted him to do
他们想主导日本的重建 They wanted the task of rebuilding Japan
我想这是令美国在日本投下原子弹的一个重要原因 I think this was one of the most important factors influencing the American decision to drop the atomic bombs
在新墨西哥州沙漠成功完成测试之后 After a successful test in the New Mexico desert
杜鲁门下令尽快实施核轰炸 Truman gives the order to drop the bomb as soon as possible
一串作为候选目标的城市 A number of cities were chosen as potential targets
都是未被常规燃烧弹轰炸波及的地方 They were left untouched by the Incendiary bombing
因为如果是遭到过常规轰炸的城市 because if you bombed the city
你就无法评估原子弹所造成的损伤了 you couldn't tell how much damage had been done by the atomic attacks
他们也尽量挑选人口较多的城市 They're also looking for on this quite large population
因为轰炸人口数量多的城市 because you could attack the city with large population
可以更全面的观测原子弹的效果 you again would be able to see the full impact
看着这些，选个靶子，真是个讽刺的决定 When you look at that, it is a really cynical decision for choosing a target
你要投下的可是史上开发出的最危险武器 a which you're dropping the most dangerous weapon that'd ever been developed
1945年8月6日，埃诺拉·盖伊号（B-29轰炸机）从马里亚纳群岛起飞 On August 6th 1945, the Enola Gay launches from the Mariana islands
当地时间8点15分 At 8:15 local time
载有60公斤铀的“小男孩”投向了广岛 Little Boy loaded with 60-kg's of uranium is released over Hiroshima
43秒之后，世界永远改变了 43 seconds later, the world changes forever
爆炸与烈焰造成了方圆1英里的破坏和另外4.5英里的辐射区 The blast creates a circle of devastation 1 mile wide with fires over another 4.5 mile radius
6万人死于瞬间 60,000 are killed instantly
10万人随后死于烧伤和辐射 with a further 100,000 dying from burns and radiation
3天之后 3 days later
“胖子”在长崎上空爆炸 Fat Man is exploded over Nagasaki
杀死了8万平民 killing 80,000 civilians
第一颗原子弹爆炸之后，日本人还不敢相信 After the first bomb in Japan, there was a certain amount of disbelief
长崎遭袭之后，已经无可否认 After Nagasaki though, it's kind of hard to deny
美国人拥有了某种形式的新武器 that Americans have some kind of new weapon here
而这仅仅只是一场大规模毁灭的开始 And it's just the start of what can be a long pattern of destruction
1945年9月2日，日本投降 September 2nd 1945, Japan capitulates
第二次世界大战正式结束 WWII is over
核子时代拉开序幕 The nuclear age has begun
许多人认为二战中的道德底线 A lot of people think that the moral ethical line of destruction in WWII
被原子弹的使用所打破，我不这么认为 was crossed by the atomic bomb, I disagree
我认为如果真还剩什么道德底线 I think that if there's any moral lines left
也早在对日本城市的（常规空袭）火攻中被打破了 all crossed with fire raids against Japanese cities
原子弹留下的真正问题是 The whole question of the atomic bomb is
持有毁天灭地之器，我们该何去何从 what we continue to do what our weapons make possible
这是原子弹、核武器带给我们的终极考量 That is the ultimate dilemma we hit with atomic here and nuclear weapons
第二次世界大战是史上最致命的冲突
超过7800万人死亡
67%是平民
二战人员损失
到底是谁赢得了二战，如果你想问的是 You ask who won WWII, and if by that you mean
哪种社会哪个国家为了最后的胜利付出了最多的鲜血和财富？ What society what nation contribute the most blood and treasure to eventual victory?
那这个不是美国，而是苏联 It's not the United States, It's the Soviet Union
苏联在战争中损失超过2500万人 Soviet losses in the war are over 25 million people
而美国只损失了405399的军队和极少数平民 American losses are 405,399 military dead and a handful of civilians
但如果你想问的谁赢得二战是指 But if you ask the question who won WWII, you mean
谁在战争结束之后赢得了最大的优势 Who ended up at the most advantageous position at the end of the war
收获了最大的利益？这当然是美国 reaped the greatest fruit of victory? Then the answer is certainly the US
在战争的6年里 During the 6 years of war
美国从世界军事实力的第17名成长为第一名 America grows from the 17th world military power to number 1
海外驻地从14个增长到3万个，遍布全球 Her overseas bases expand from 14 to over 30,000 spread across the globe
GNP翻倍并成为了全世界最大的债权国 Her GNP doubles and she becomes the biggest creditor in the world
控制了世界一半的生产制造能力和三分之二的黄金 commanding half of the planet's manufacturing capacity and owning two-thirds of the world's gold stocks
它制霸了全球经济 It dominates the world economy
它掌控组建了联合国 It controls the formation of the UN
它将世界推入它想要的全球化进程中 It launches the world on the path toward globalization that it wants
但它再也没有办法回到原来置身世外的时代了 But it can no longer go back to the isolationist
孤立世外的美国已一去不复返 The isolation America's gone forever
时至今日，我不清楚这些是否已尘封史海 I'm not sure if it has actually sunk in even today
我们究竟已融入多深 how much we have to be involved
但作为二战的结果，我们已融入世界大潮 But as a result of WWII we're drowned in the world's ways
不管我们是否意识到，都无法逃离 we cannot escape, whether we realize it or not
谢谢观赏 【262字幕组】译制 翻译&时间轴：微笑的弗里茨、蒋忠顺、Thunder、改名了、微澜魂天 校对&修改：南瓜桑、CRAZY262 制作协力：青旅实习生、八云、3DO、乌拉
结尾彩蛋，呵呵 WWII.From.Space.2013.720p.BluRay.x264.AAC.MVGroup.org magnet:?xt=urn:btih:8681e91f274d797385c4663cb23125d74b01ace4 WWII.From.Space.2012.1080p.BluRay.x264-BiQ magnet:?xt=urn:btih:2e7e83bfa264fd367c91e4acfcc541bbe3743bd1